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The Muscular system-
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abduction | away from the midline of the body |
| Adduction | movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
| Adhension | a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally |
| Ataxia | a lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement |
| Atonic Atrophy | lacking normal muscle tone or strength |
| Atrophy | weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time. |
| Bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel |
| chronic fatigue syndrome | a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those fibromyalgia syndrome. |
| circumduction | circular movement of a limb |
| contracture | the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues. |
| dorsiflexion | bends the foot upward at the ankle |
| dyskinesia | the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as in a tic or spasm |
| dystonia | a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement |
| electromyography | a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation |
| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues around the elbow; golfer or tennis elbow |
| ergonomics | the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment |
| exercise physiologist | a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness |
| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| fibromyalgia syndrome | a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse and or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms |
| ganglion cyst | a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist |
| heel spur | a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia nears its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis |
| hemiparesis | slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body |
| hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting only one side of the body |
| hernia | organ or tissue protruding through the wall or cavity that usually contains it |
| hyperkinesia | abnormally increased muscle function or activity |
| hypotonia | a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles |
| impingement syndrome | occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint |
| insertion | the point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves |
| intermittent claudication | pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest |
| muscular dystrophy | the term used to describe a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement |
| myasthenia gravis | chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles |
| myocele | the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it |
| myoclonus | sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles |
| myofascial release | a specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), and carpal tunnel syndrome |
| myolysis | the degeneration of muscle tissue |
| myorrhaphy | the surgical suturing of a muscle wound |
| neuromuscular | pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle |
| nocturnal myoclonus | jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep |
| oblique | slanted or at an angle |
| paralysis | the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body |
| physiatrist | a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function |
| plantar fasciitis | an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot |
| polymyositis | a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body |
| pronation | to turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
| range of motion testing | diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength |
| sarcopenia | the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging |
| shin splint | a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia |
| singultus | myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm (hiccups) |
| spasmodic torticollis | a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side |
| sphincter | circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening |
| sprain | an injury in which the ligaments holding bones together are stretched too far and tear. |
| tenodesis | surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon |
| tenolysis | the release of a tendon from adhesions |
| tenorrhaphy | surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon |
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