bloodtest
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| How much is Plasma of the blood volume? | 55%
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| What are the components of plasma? | Mostly water with dissolved substances
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| What is the normal blood volume for male and female? | Male= 5-6 L and Female= 4-5 L
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| What is the most abundant cell? | Eyrthrocytes
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| What is the purpose of RBC? | Carry oxygen
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| What is eyrthropoietin? | stimulates RBC production
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| When is eyrthropoietin stimulated? | when Hypoxic or Decreased RBC count
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| What is the life span of a RBC? | 120 days
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| What type of feedback system is the eyrthropoietin production? | Negative
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| What is hemoglobin made of? | made of Iron. Heme= binds to oxygen and globin= protein
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| What is transferrin? | molecule that carries iron into the bone marrow for RBC production
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| What is the Hematocrit? | What percent of the blood is RBC the average is 45%
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| What is polycythemia? | too many blood cells-- high Hct
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| What is anemia? | decreased RBC == decreased Hct
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| What is a reticulocyte? | immature RBC
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| What is the normal range for WBC? | 5000-10000
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| What are the 3 kinds of granulocytes? | neutrophils, Basophils, and eosinophils
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| What are the 2 knids of agranulocytes? | monocytes and lymphocytes
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| What do neutrophils do? | perform phagocytosis
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| What do basophils do? | Migrate to injured tissues and release histamine and heparin.--encourages inflammation
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| What do eosinophils do? | Attacks anything covered in antibodies (allergies)
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| What do monocytes do? | perform phagocytosis- when thy migrate into tissues they are called macrophages
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| What do lymphocytes do? | major regulator of immune system = B/T lymphocytes
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| What is the roll of WBC in tissue typing? | big with organ transplants
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| Where does antibody production take place? | produced by B lymphocytes--proteins-- attacks microbes and foreign proteins
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| what are plasma cells? | big activated B lymphocytes
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| What is the function of a platelet? | platelet plug--clotting
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| What is the normal range for platelets? | 150,000-450,000
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| What is the life span for a platelet? | 9 days
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| What are the steps in the extrinsic pathway? | damaged endothelial cells--release tissue factor--clotting factor 10 activation
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| What is the time for extrinsic pathway? | 12-15 seconds of platelet formation
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| What are the steps in the intrinsic pathway? | collagen under enothelial lining exposed to blood--- activation of clotting factor 10
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| What is the time for intrinsic pathway? | 5-10 min of platelet aggregation
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| What are the steps in the common pathway? | intrinsic and extrinsic converge to make common pathway once clotting factor X is released--factor X causes prothrombanase-->prothrombin-->thrombin--> fibrinogen--> fibrin
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| What are the steps in platelet plug formation? | Adhesion--activation--aggrgation
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| What is adhesion? | platelets start sticking with VWB factor
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| What is activation? | change shape-- releases chemicals (ADP and Thromboxane)--which releases calcium
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| What is Vitamin K? | used in liver to make prothrombin--found in green leafy veggies--made from bacteria in intestines
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| What is tissue factor? | clotting factor III released by enodthelial cells
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| what is prothrombinase? | An enzyme that converts prothrombin into thrombin is formed by activated clotting factor X
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| What is fibrin? | protein thread-- that holds clot and platelets together
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| What is vonWillibrand factor? | initiates platelet adheasion- released by endothelial cells
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| What is collagen? | protein--exposure of collagen in blood veseel wall is what starts intrinsic pathway
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| What is GpIIb/IIIa receptors? | platelet receptors- bind to fibrin when actiavted
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| What is calcium and GpIIb/IIIa receptors? | calcium is an intracellular ion that helps to activate platelets
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| what is clot retraction? | clot shrinking to pull the edges of blood vessel or wound together
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| What is fibrinolysis? | distruction of cells
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| What is plasmin? | breaks/dissolves fibrin clot--found in blood
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| what is a thrombus? | inappropriate blood clot formation-- not anchored to blood vessel
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