Exam 12: Peds Skin Disordes
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| Skin Lesions: Causes | Contact with injurious agents such as toxic chemicals.
Hereditary factors.
External factors such as allergens.
Systemic diseases such as measles and lupus erythematosus.
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| Why is newborn skin more sensitive? | Skin of younger children: infant's epidermis is thinner and blisters easily, absorbs much more quickly and is more prone to infections.
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| Dermatitis | Inflammation of the skin.
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| Common Skin Symptoms include | Pruritis that varies in intensity is the most common.
Pain or tenderness.
Burning or stinging.
Anesthesia.
Hyperesthesia.
Hypesthesia or Hypoesthesia.
Parasthesia.
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| Anesthesia | Alterations in sensation.
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| Hyperesthesia | Excessive Sensitiveness.
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| Hypesthesia or Hypoesthesia. | Decreased Sensation.
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| Paresthesia | Abnormal Sensation
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| It is important when interviewing the child and parent | ascertain when the lesion appeared, whether it occurred with ingestion of food or other substance and whether the condition was related to activity such as contact with chemicals.
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| Erythema | a reddened area
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| Ecchymosis | bruising
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| Petechiae | pinpoint, tiny, and sharp circumscribed spots
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| Primary lesion | skin changes produced by a causative factor
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| Secondary lesions | changes that result from alteration in the primary lesions such as those caused by rubbing, scratching, medication or involution and healing.
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| Distribution pattern | The pattern in which lesions are distributed over the body, whether local or generalized, and the specific areas associated with the lesions
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| Configuration and arrangement | The size, shape, and arrangement of a lesion or groups of lesions (e.g. discrete, clustered, diffuse, or confluent)
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| Wounds: Acute | those which heal within 2 or 3 weeks.
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| Wounds: Chronic | those that do not heal in the expected time frame or the wound develops complications
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| Wound Classifications | Acute. Chronic. Surgical. Non-Surgical. Burns.
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| Types of burns | Superficial. Partial-thickness. Full-thickness.
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| Process of wound healing (Phases) | Hemostasis Phase. Inflammation Phase. Proliferative Phase. Remodeling (Maturation) phase.
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| Hemostasis Phase | – platelets act to seal off the damaged blood vessels and to form a stable clot.
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| Inflammation Phase | – presents a clinical picture involving erythema, swelling and warmth, often associated with pain at the site.
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| Proliferative Phase | (includes granulation and contracture) – lasts from 4-21 days in acute wounds depending on the would size.
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| Remodeling (Maturation) Phase | occurs in the dermis as fibroblasts increase the tissue tensile strength. The wound edges a brought closer together and a mature scar is formed.
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| Factors that influence wound healing | Wound care management.
Factors that delay healing (use of antiseptics)
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| Aim of Treatment | (1)Prevent further damage
(2)Eliminate the cause
(3)Prevent Complications
(4)Provide relief from discomfort
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| Topical Therapy is aimed to | (a) Treat the disorder
(b) Reduce itching
(c) Decrease external stimuli –
(d) Apply external heat or cold – lukewarm, tepid, or cool applications offer the greatest relief
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| Systemic drugs | often used as an adjunct to topical therapy include corticosteroids, antibiotics and antifungal agents.
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