Brain Tumors
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| Mostly likely tumor in a patient with juvenile cataracts who was found to have a mutation in the merlin gene on chromosome 22 | show 🗑
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| show | Oligodendroglioma (perinuclear halos describe the clear cytoplasm surrounding the round nuclei of oligodendrocytes, and are said to have a "fried egg" appearance; the vasculature is said to have a chicken-wire capillary pattern; calcification is common)
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| show | Glioblastoma multiforme (glial fibrillary acidic protein = GFAP = astrocyte stain)
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| show | Medulloblastoma (these arise from the cerebellar external granular layer; the pattern described is a Homer-Wright "pseudo"-rosette, which is also found in neuroblastomas; in contrast, "true" rosettes have an empty lumen and are found in retinoblastomas)
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| show | Schwannoma (protein in question is S-100, the "S" actually stands for soluble and "100" for 100%; it is usually present in cells derived from neural crest, and may also be found in melanomas)
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| show | Cerebellar hemangioblastoma (these are classic findings of Von Hippel-Lindau disease, an autosomal dominant deletion of the VHL tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3; these patients also get cavernous hemangiomas in their skin, mucosa, retina, and organs)
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| show | Meningioma (these arachnoid cell tumors are more common in females than males, and locations may include parasagittal, olfactory groove, or lesser wing of sphenoid; they may indent and compress the surface of the brain, but will not invade)
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| show | Pilocytic astrocytoma (the description is characteristic of Rosenthal fibers; this tumor would also stain positive for GFAP)
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| Resectable tumor often localized to CN VIII | show 🗑
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| show | Craniopharyngioma (most childhood brain tumors are below the tentorium cerebelli, while most adult primary brain tumors are above)
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| Most common cause of hypopituitarism in adults | show 🗑
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| show | Craniopharyngioma
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| show | Pilocytic astrocytoma
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| show | Cerebellar hemangioblastoma (the genetic disease is Von Hippel-Lindau and the tumor is producing erythropoietin)
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| show | Pilocytic astrocytoma
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| show | Medulloblastoma
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| show | Medulloblastoma
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| show | Meningioma
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| show | Medulloblastoma (these are highly malignant)
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| Most common primary adult brain tumor | show 🗑
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| 2nd most common primary adult brain tumor | show 🗑
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| show | Meningioma
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| show | Metastasis
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| Most frequent metastatic brain tumor primary location | show 🗑
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| Childhood brain tumor of cells lining the ventricles characterized by perivascular pseudorosettes and rod-shaped blepharoplasts (basal ciliary bodies) found near the nucleus | show 🗑
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| Child with diabetes insipidus and bitemporal hemianopsia is found to have a cystic brain tumor with hemorrhage, calcification, and cholesterol crystals | show 🗑
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| Pseudopalisading pleomorphic tumor cells border central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage | show 🗑
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| Spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorled pattern with basophilic laminated calcifications | show 🗑
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| Brain tumor in a child with precocious puberty, obstructive hydrocephalus, and paralysis of upward gaze | show 🗑
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| show | Ependymoma
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