skeletalsystemA&P
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| how many bones are in the body | 206
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| bone is comprised of | osseous tissue
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| osseous tissue is specialized _____ | connective tissue
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| the skeletal system of a fetus is composed of | cartilage
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| cancellous (spongy bone) | lots of open spaces
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| compact bone | no spaces
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| what are the functions of the skeletal system | protects, produces blood and movement
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| what is piezoelectric quality | minute electrical responses
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| what component gives this quality to bone tissue | collagen
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| the entire ossification process takes | 20- 25 years
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| what is remodeling? | the continual changing of bone in response to functional demands
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| what is osteocytes | mature bone cells
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| what are osteoblasts | build up bone
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| what are osteoclasts | break down bone
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| what factors affect bone growth | minerals, vitamins, hormones
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| what 2 hormones are responsible for bone growth and development | estrogen and testosterone
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| long | longer than they are wide
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| flat | thin and flattened
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| short | cube shaped
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| irregular | does not fit other categories
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| sesamoid | small and round
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| when a bone has a depression it is usually called a | fossa
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| a small bony projection is called | process
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| a rough area on a bone that has a visual line is called | ridge, grove
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| haversian canals | carries blood to heart
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| medullary cavity | center of bone - red bone marrow
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| trabeculae | projections of spongy bone
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| what does yellow marrow primarly do? | stores fat
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| what is red marrow | hematopoietic tissue
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| where is red marrow found in adults | femur, humerus, sternum, ilium and vertebrae
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| what is the endosteum | lines the meddularie cavity
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| where is the periosteum | covers all bones
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| what does CT do for bone health | bone growth
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| where is the epiphysis | spongy bone covered by thin layer compact bone
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| where is the diaphysis | shaft of long bone
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| appositional growth | bone growth occure in diameter
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| what is an articulation | joints
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| what is the articular cartilage | CT that is largely avascular
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| how can a MT impact tissue | ROM, joint mobile
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| articulating cartilage is located at the ends of | bones
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| what is the primary ingredient in articulating cartilage | collagen
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| ligaments attach ____ to bone | bone
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| tendons attach ____ to bone | mucle
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| which ligament attaches to the external occipital protuberance of the skull | nuchal ligament
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| where is the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament | both on spine attach to vertebrae
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| what are tendons | dense fibrous connective tissue, attach to bones
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| where is bursa generally located | around joints
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| what purpose does bursa serve | reduce friction
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| what is bursa | connective tissue sack with synovial fluid
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| what is the name of fibrocartilaginous pad in the knee joint | meniscus
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| articular discs assist bones that do not quite fit together, creat a better fitting joint, such as the | temperal mendipular joint
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| tendon sheaths | CT over tendon
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| what is tendon sheath filled with | synovial fluid
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| what purpose does tendon sheaths serve | reduce friction, protects tendon over movable parts
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| synarthrosis | little to none
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| amphiartrosis | modiate but limited
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| diarthroisis | freely moveable
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| what is a typical synarthroisis joint | sutres of craninam
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| what is a typical amphiarthroisis joint | vertebral disk
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| what is a typical diarthrosis joint | shoulder hip
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| what tupe of joint has a joint capsule | diarthiosis
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| what is the outer layer of the joint capsule called | joint capusal
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| what is the primary ingredient | collegen
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| what is the inner layer of joint capsule called | inner synovial membrane
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| what is the fluid inside this joint called | synovial fluid
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| what is the purpose of the the fluid | protect and cushion
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| what impact can a MT have on joint capsules | increase circulation
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| what is thixotropic | liquid when aggitated
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| flexion | movement of joint
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| extension | increase angle
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| hyperextension | beyond normal movement
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| abduction | away from midine
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| adduction | towards midline
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| rotation | right to left
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| elevation | brings up
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| depression | brings down
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| protaction | brings body part anterior
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| retraction | brings body part posterior
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| pronation | palm down
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| supination | palm up
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| eversion | tarsal bone away from midline
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| inversion | tarsal bone inward
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| dorsiflexion | movement of ankle joint
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| plantar flexion | ankle joint moves inferior
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| hinge joint | elbow and ankle joint
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| pivot joint | radio ulnar joint c1/c2 skull
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| condyloid joint | phalanges c1/skull
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| gliding joint | spine ribs/sternum
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| ball and socket joint | hip joint - femur
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| the stability of a joint depends on | muscles, joint capsules and shape of the bones
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