The Endocrine System
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| The endocrine system secretes | show 🗑
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| show | nervous system
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| show | bloodstream (via the interstitial space)
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| show | ducts.
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| show | are chemicals that bring about a change in the body.
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| show | target organs or target tissues.
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| Hormones may affect several targets such as | show 🗑
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| show | Protein-based and steriod.
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| show | can be long or short chains of amino acids or variations of single amino acids.
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| show | are cholesterol derivatives. Examples Cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.
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| Hormones bond to receptors on target cells. The receptors can be found in the | show 🗑
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| Protein hormones are two messenger mechanism. | show 🗑
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| show | surface, membrane.
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| The second messenger __________ inside the cell. | show 🗑
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| show | changes in membrane permeability to specific substances, increase in translation, activation of other enzymes, secretion of cellular products.
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| Steroids are lipis soluble therefore they _________ through the cell membrane. | show 🗑
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| Steroid hormones then combine with receptors in the | show 🗑
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| The steroid-protein complex enters the nucleus. Then it activates specific genes to initiate | show 🗑
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| show | hormones, nervous system.
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| show | once a hormone brings about its affect, the hormones is inhibited from being release.
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| show | It is released to cause other hormones to be released. And anterior pituitary hormones are released this way.
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| show | some hormones have an antagonistic pair that affects tissues in an opposite way.
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| show | hypophysis
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| show | infundibulum from the hypothalamus.
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| Pituitary gland is enclosed in the sella turcica in the ________ bone. | show 🗑
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| Pituitary gland regulates many body functions and is divided into 2 parts | show 🗑
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| Anterior pituitary also known as | show 🗑
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| show | grandular tissue.
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| Adenohypophysis is regulated by releaseing hormones from the hypothalamus. It is secreted through the | show 🗑
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| Growth hormone also known as | show 🗑
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| Growth hormone | show 🗑
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| show | TSH or thyrotropin (thyroid development)
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| show | stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete it's hormones.
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| show | ACTH
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| show | stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex.
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| show | initiates and maintains milk production.
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| show | stimulates the growth of the ovarian follicle in women and sperm production in men.
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| show | FSH
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| show | LH
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| show | stimulates the follicle to ovulate in women and the testes to secrete testosterone in men.
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| Posterior pituitary also known as | show 🗑
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| Neurohypophysis | show 🗑
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| show | Antidiuretic hormone and Oxytocin.
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| Antidiuretic hormone also known as | show 🗑
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| ADH/Vasopressin | show 🗑
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| show | decreases urine formation ans sweating and is release stimulated by decrease water concentration in the blood (dehydration)
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| The hypothalamus transmits nerve impulses through the ______________________ to the posterior pituitary to inccrease ADH secretion. | show 🗑
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| show | vasocontriction.
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| show | decrease
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| show | as the cervix is stretched it trigger the hypothalamus. It stimulates more contractions. It is a positive feedback (giving birth)
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| Infant suckling stimulates the hypothalamus which triggers oxytocin release from the hypothalamus which triggers the oxytocin from the pituitary which triggers milk | show 🗑
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| Pineal gland releases | show 🗑
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| show | darkness and it creates sleepiness.
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| Thymus gland | show 🗑
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| show | immune cells.
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| Thyroid gland has structural units of the thyroid are called | show 🗑
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| Thyroid follicles produces | show 🗑
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| T3 | show 🗑
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| T4 | show 🗑
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| T3 and T4 | show 🗑
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| show | TSH from the anterior pituitary.
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| show | decreasing reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from the bones to the blood, lowering th eblood levels.
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| Calcitonin is stimulated by | show 🗑
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| show | PUT CALCIUM IN THE BONE.
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| show | PTH
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| Parathyroid hormone is an antagonist to calcitonin, it _________ clood calcium and phosphate. | show 🗑
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| Parathyroid hormone targets the bones, small intestine, and kidneys. It ___________ demineralization of bone and Ca++ absorption from food. | show 🗑
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| Parathyroid hormone is stimulated by | show 🗑
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| Adrenal glands also known as | show 🗑
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| Adrenal glands are divided into 2 parts | show 🗑
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| show | parasympathetic.
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| show | sympathetic nerous system.
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| show | epinephrine and norepinephrine; during stressful situations.
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| show | noradrenalin
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| Norepinephrine is release in small amounts and causes vasoconstriction in the skin, viscera, and skeletal muscle to quickly | show 🗑
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| Epinephrine also known as | show 🗑
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| show | HR, force
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| Epinepherine vasoconstriction in | show 🗑
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| Epinephrine vasodilation in | show 🗑
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| Epinephrine dialates | show 🗑
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| show | peristalsis.
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| show | glycogenolysis and glucogenesis from lipids.
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| show | cell respiration.
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| Epinephrine is stronger than | show 🗑
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| show | Mineralocorticoids, gluccorticoids, and sex hormones.
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| Sex hormones are produces in | show 🗑
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| Sex hormones in females are called | show 🗑
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| sex hormones in males are called | show 🗑
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| Aldosterone is the most abundant | show 🗑
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| show | increase blood volume and BP.
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| Cortisol is gluccocorticoid that | show 🗑
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| Anti-inflammatory blocks | show 🗑
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| show | permeability.
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| Regulation is released during times of | show 🗑
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| show | CRH increases-ACTH increases-Cortisol.
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| Pancreas is both | show 🗑
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| Pancreas funstional units are | show 🗑
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| The 3 pancreatic islets cells are | show 🗑
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| Alpha cells | show 🗑
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| show | produce insulin.
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| show | somatostatin-inhibits release of glucagon and insulin.
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| show | GLUCAGON.
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| Glucagon stimulates liver to begin _________ and use lipids and amino acids for energy by glucogenesis. | show 🗑
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| Insulin _________ blood sugar by increasing permeability of cells to glucose and stimulating ___________ in the liver and muscles. | show 🗑
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| The _____, _________, and _______ do not need insulin to absorb glucose. | show 🗑
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| show | phospolipids.
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| show | circulate in the blood.
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