Digestive System
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| There are four basic layers of the digestive tract. Arrange them in order from the lumen (deep to superficial). | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
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| Which part of the tooth bears the force of chewing? | enamel
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| The small intestine is specialized for absorption. The absorptive effectiveness is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the intestinal wall. Which of the following accomplish this task? | plicae circularis and intestinal villi
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| Which two types of secretory cells make up the salivary glands? | serous cells and mucous cells
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| The stomach stores and mechanically breaks down food. In addition, the stomach also ____________________. | initiates protein digestion
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| The functions of the digestive system include: | 1. Absorbing nutrients
2. Ingesting food
3. Moving food through the digestive tract
4. Forming and eliminating waste
5. Digesting food
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| The digestive tract is a muscular tube extending from the ___________ to the __________. | Mouth; anus
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| The accessory organs of the digestive tract include: | 1. teeth
2. pancreas
3. liver
4. gallbladder
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| List the following tissue layers of the digestive tract in order as they occur from the lumen to the most external layer: 1. serosa, 2. mucosa, 3. muscularis externa, 4. submucosa | 2, 4, 3, 1
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| There are ___ primary teeth. | 20
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| Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body? | tongue
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| The largest salivary gland, which is located just anterior to each ear, is the ____________________. | Parotid gland
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| The crown of a tooth is covered by _______________, the hardest substance in the body. | Enamel
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| The pharynx is divided into __________ anatomical regions. | 3
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| What part of the alimentary canal carries food to the stomach? | esophagus
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| How many layers make up the esophagus? | four
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| The most superior region of the pharynx that has only respiratory functions is the ________________. | Nasopharynx
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| Which structure closes to seal off the larynx during swallowing? | Epiglottis
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| The muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach is the _______________. | Esophagus
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| _______________________ is a condition that occurs when the contents of the stomach are regurgitated into the esophagus. | Acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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| The contents of the stomach are normally sequestered in the stomach by the _________________________. | Lower esophageal sphincter
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| Chyme is created in the _____________. | stomach
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| What secretory cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid? | parietal cells
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| Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by which cells of the stomach? | chief cells
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| are gastric glands | chief cells
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| The regions of the stomach include: | 1. body
2. fundus
3. cardia
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| The sphincter that regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum is the ___________________. | Pyloric sphincter
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| The folds of the inner stomach lining that allow the stomach to expand are called _____________. | Rugae
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| The fatty apron that extends from the greater curvature, which is part of the serosal layer of the stomach, is called the ___________. | Greater omentum
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| The last portion of the small intestine is the ____________. | ileum
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| If an incision had to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the . | serosa
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| Sheets of serous membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are the _____________________. | mesenteries
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| All of the following secrete substances into the duodenum EXCEPT _____________. | salivary glands
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| The small intestine is specialized for _____________________. | absorption
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