Module 11 Urinary System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| azot/o | CF: nitrogenous waste
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| bacteri/o | CF: bacteria
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| cyst/o | CF: urinary bladder
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| glomerul/o | CF: glomerulus
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| glycos/o | CF: sugar
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| keton/o | CF: ketone
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| lith/o | CF: stone, calculus
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| meat/o | CF: opening
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| nephr/o | CF: kidney
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| noct/i, nyct/o | CF: night
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| olig/o | CF: scanty
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| pyel/o | CF: renal pelvis
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| ren/o | CF: kidney
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| scler/o | CF: hard
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| ur/o | CF: urine
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| urin/o | CF: urine
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| ureter/o | CF: ureter
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| urethr/o | CF: urethra
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| vesic/o | CF: bladder
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| poly- | Prefix: many
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| -cele | Suffix: hernia
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| -emia | Suffix: blood condition
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| -iasis | Suffix: abnormal condition
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| -lith | Suffix: stone, calculus
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| -lithiasis | Suffix: abnormal condition of having stones
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| -lysis | Suffix: destruction
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| -megaly | Suffix: enlarged
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| -pathy | Suffix: disease
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| -pexy | Suffix: surgical fixation
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| -ptosis | Suffix: prolapse
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| -rrhaphy | Suffix: suture
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| -tome | Suffix: instrument for cutting
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| -tomy | Suffix: incision
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| -tripsy | Suffix: surgical crushing
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| -urea | Suffix: urine
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| Kidneys | organ that filters nitrogenous waste from the blood
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| Ureters | vessels that takes waste from the kidneys to the bladder
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| Bladder | sac where urine is stored
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| Urethra | vessel from the bladder to outside the body
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| Renal Pelvis | where all urine is collected in the kidney before entering the ureter
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| Nephron | microscopic functioning unit of the kidney
f capillaries inside the Bowmen’s capsule
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| Bowmen’s capsule | area that surrounds the glomeruli and starts the filtration process
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| glomerulus (singular) glomeruli (plural) | tuft of capillaries inside the Bowmen’s capsule
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| cystalgia | bladder pain
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| cystocele | prolapse of the bladder into the vagina
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| cystectomy | surgical removal of the urinary bladder
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| cystogram | x-ray of the urinary bladder
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| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| cystolith | calculus build up in the urinary bladder
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| cystolithiasis | abnormal condition of stones in the urinary bladder
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| cystolithotomy | incision of the urinary bladder to remove a stone(s)
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| cystopexy | surgical fixation of the urinary bladder
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| cystoplasty | surgical repair of the urinary bladder
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| cystoscope | an instrument to view the urinary bladder
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| cystoscopy | the process of viewing the urinary bladder
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| polycystic | having many fluid filled sacs
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| glomerulonephritis | disease of the kidneys causing inflammation of the capillaries of the glomeruli
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| glomerulosclerosis | hardening of the glomeruli
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| lithiasis | abnormal condition of having stones
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| lithotripsy | surgical crushing of stones
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| lithotomy | incision to remove stones
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| meatus | an opening
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| nephralgia | painful kidneys
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| nephrectomy | excision of a kidney
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| nephrogram | X-ray of kidney
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| nephritis | inflammation of one or both kidneys
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| nephrolith | calculus (stones) in the kidney
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| nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of many kidney stones
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| nephrolithotomy | incision of the kidney to remove stones
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| nephrology | branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the kidney
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| nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney
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| nephroptosis | prolapse of a kidney
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| nephropexy | surgical fixation of a kidney
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| nephrorrhaphy | suturing of a kidney
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| pyelogram | x-ray of the renal pelvis
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| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney from a bacterial infection
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| pyeloplasty | surgical repair of the renal pelvis
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| renal | pertaining to the kidneys
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| uremia | urine in the blood, caused by improper kidney functioning (failure)
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| urologist | specialist in the diseases of the urinary system
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| urology | the study of the urinary system
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| ureteral | pertaining to the ureter
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| ureteralgia | painful ureter
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| ureterectasis | dilation of the ureter
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| ureterocele | protrusion of the ureter
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| ureterolith | ureter stone
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| ureterostenosis | narrowing of the ureter
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| urethral | pertaining to the urethra
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| urethralgia | urethra pain
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| urethrocele | protrusion of the urethra into the vagina
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| urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder and urethra
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| urethrectomy | surgical removal of the urethra
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| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra
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| urethritis | urethra inflammation
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| urethrorrhagia | rapid bleeding from urethra
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| urethroscope | instrument to visually examine urethra
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| urethrostenosis | narrowing of urethra
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| urinometer | instrument to measure urine
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| urinary | pertaining to urine
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| anuria | condition of no urine (produced by kidney)
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| azoturia | nitrogenous waste in the urine
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| bacteriuria | bacteria in urine
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| dysuria | condition of difficult or painful urination
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| glycosuria | condition of sugar in urine
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| hematuria | condition of blood in urine
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| ketonuria | ketones in urine
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| nocturia | condition of frequent nighttime urination
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| oliguria | condition of scanty amount of urine
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| polyuria | condition of (too) much urine
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| proteinuria | protein in urine
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| pyuria | condition of pus in urine
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| cystocele | protrusion of the bladder into the vaginal wall
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| rectocele | protrusion of the anus into the vaginal wall
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| dialysis | process of using a machine to artificially filter the blood
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| calculus | stone formed within organ by accumulation of mineral salts; found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra; plural is calculi
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| diuresis | increased formation and secretion of urine
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| enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine after age by which bladder control should have been established
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| micturition | another term for urination
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| urinary incontinence | involuntary release of urine
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| urinary retention | inability to fully empty the bladder
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| urology | branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of urinary system. physician is a urologist
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| voiding | another term for urination
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| diabetic nephropathy | accumulation of damage to glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
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| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of kidney (primarily of the glomerulus)
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| hydronephrosis | distention of renal pelvis due to urine collecting in kidney; often result of obstruction of ureter
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| nephrolithiasis | presence of calculi in kidney
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| nephroptosis | downward displacement of kidney out of normal location; commonly called floating kidney
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| oliguria | scanty (little amounts) production of urine
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| polycystic kidney | kidneys formation of multiple cysts within kidney tissue. Results in the destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney
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| cystography | process of instilling contrast material or dye into bladder by catheter to visualize urinary bladder on X-ray
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| retrograde pyelogram | diagnostic X-ray in which dye is inserted through urethra to outline bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis
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| cystoscopy | visual examination of urinary bladder using instrument called cystoscope
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| urinary catheterization | insertion of tube through urethra and into urinary bladder for purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye
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| extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) | use of ultrasound waves to break up stones; procedure that is non-invasive. Destroys or crushes stones in the bladder or urethra by high frequency sound waves
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| hemodialysis (HD) | use of artificial kidney machine that filters blood of person to remove waste products
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| dialysis | removal of toxic waste substances from blood artificially with the use of a machine to filter it.
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| meatotomy | incision into meatus in order to enlarge opening of urethra
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| nephrolithotomy | surgical incision to directly remove stones from kidney
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| renal transplant | surgical placement of donor kidney
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| ARF | acute renal failure
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| BUN | blood urea nitrogen
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| CRF | chronic renal failure
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| cysto | cystoscopic exam
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| ESRD | end-stage renal disease
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| ESWL | extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
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| GU | genitourinary
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| HD | hemodialysis
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| H2O | water
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| I&O | intake and output
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| IVP | intravenous pyelogram
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| KUB | kidney, ureter, bladder
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| RP | retrograde pyelogram
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| UA | urinalysis
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| VCUG | voiding cystourethrogram
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| micturition | urination
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| gluc/o, glucos/o | CF: sugar
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| genit/o | CF: genital, genitalia
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| anti- | Prefix: against
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| cortex | literal translation "bark": outside layer
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| medulla | middle layer
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| renal artery | blood vessels going into the hilum of the kidney to the glomeruli for filtering
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| renal veins | filtrate from kidneys to the veins leading out of the hilum of the kidney
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| cystorrhea | uncontrolled flow of urine
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| cystourethritis | inflammation of the bladder and urethra
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| genitourinary | pertaining to the genital and urinary systems
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