learning objective answers to heart
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| show | The middle mediastinum.
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| The apex of the heart projects in which direction? | show 🗑
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| What is the ligamentum arteriosum and what was its fetal function? | show 🗑
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| What is the moderator band? Where is it found? What is its function? | show 🗑
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| show | From the base up: the muscular interventricular septum, the membranous interventricular septum, the membranous atrioventricular septum and the membranous interatrial septum.
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| What was the fossa ovalis in the fetus? What was it’s function? | show 🗑
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| Know the arrangement of the various components of the AV and semilunar valves. | show 🗑
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| Be able to name each cusp of the semilunar and A-V valves. | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the papillary mm.? | show 🗑
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| What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the fibrous skeleton? | show 🗑
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| How does the morphology of the fibrous skeleton differ around AV as opposed to semilunar valves? | show 🗑
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| show | T1 to T5.
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| show | Via the cardiac cervical rami.
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| show | The vagus nerve (CN X).
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| show | Parasympathetic fibers slow heart rate, sympathetic fibers speed heart rate.
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| What is the function of each ANS fiber type in the lungs? | show 🗑
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| show | The SA nodes is found subepicardially between the base of the superior vena cava and the top of the sulcus terminalis on the right atrium.
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| show | From the cardiac plexus - SA node - internodal fibers traverse the atrial wall - AV node - AV bundle to the top of the muscular interventricular septum - bundles of HIS spread impulse throughout entire left and right ventricular walls.
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| What cells comprise the bundles of His? | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac muscle fibers (cells).
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| show | The muscular interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle.
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| What is meant by the indirect nature of the venous drainage of the heart? | show 🗑
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| Name an exception to this indirect venous drainage - and the locations drained. | show 🗑
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| List the 3 arterial coronary anastomoses? | show 🗑
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| show | On the posterior surface (except for the interventricular septal ones).
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| show | They allow small amounts of blood to pass between the RCA and LCA. However, they are generally referred to as insufficient anastomoses as insufficent amounts of blood pass between these vessels to prevent significant heart (myocardium) damage.
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| show | Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries - the larger branches come from the anterior interventricular artery.
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| Typically, which coronary a. is most dominant? | show 🗑
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| show | The AV node is found subendocardially between the opening of the coronary sinus and the tricuspid valve on the inside of the right atrium.
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