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| Leading cause of death (cerebral) under 5 y/o in sub-Saharan Africa. Transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito. Infectious stage is sporozoite. Causes RBCs to clump together and stick to endothel lining small blood vessels->ischemia downstream. Splenomega | Malaria (Plasmodium)
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| Transmitted by deer ticks w white footed mouse as reservoir. Attack RBCs->fever and hemolytic anemia. Blood smear shows Maltese cross tetrads. | Babesiosis (B. microti)
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| Chronic inflamm of skin, mucous membs, or viscera d/t obligate intracell, kinetoplastid protozoan parasites transmitted by sandflies. Endemic in Middle East, S. Asia, Africa, Latin America. | Leishmaniasis
- Visceral: L. donovani, L. chagasi.
- Cutaneous (granulomatous): L. major, L. mexicana, L. braziliensis
- Mucocutaneous: L. braziliensis
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| Kinetoplastid parasites that proliferate as extracell forms in blood->sustained or intermittent (WAVES OF) fevers, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, SLEEPING SICKNESS, chachexia, death. Tsetse flies are reservoir, red rubbery chancre at bite. Mott cells | African Trypanosomiasis
- T. b. rhodesiense = East Africa, acute, virulent
- T. b. gambiense = West Africa, chronic
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| Transmitted by Reduvid "kissing" bugs. Amastigote activation by acidic phagolysosome-> lyse cells-> penetrate smooth, skeletal, and heart muscle. Dilated cardiomyopathy | Chagas (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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| Worms live in soil, penetrate skin, travel in circulation to lungs, travel up trachea to be swallowed. Cause diarrhea, bloating in immunocompromised and can AUTOINFECT. | Strongyloidiasis
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| Parasite w head (scolex) that has suckers and hooklets that attach to intestinal wall and segments called proglottids (distal ones have eggs and detach into feces). Can cause cysts in brain tissue. | Tapeworms
- Taenia solium from pork
- T. saginata from beef
- Diphyllobothrium latum from fish
Hydatid disease from ingesting Echinococcus granulosus eggs. can cause liver cysts.
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| Ingested by eating undercooked pigs, boars, horses. cause fever, myalgia, marked eosinophilia, and periorbital edema. Coiled larvae that encyst in striated skeletal muscle w rich blood supply (diaphragm, extraocular, laryngeal, deltoid muscles). | Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis)
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| Transmitted by fresh water snails. cause white granulomas throughout gut and liver and pipe-stem fibrosis->hepatic cirrhosis. can also line wall of bladder->calcified bladder and association w squamous cell CA of bladder | Schistosomiasis
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| Nematode transmitted by mosquitoes. Asymptomatic microfilaremia, Recurrent lymphadenitis, Elephantiasis, Tropical pulm eosinophilia. Symbiotic relationship w Wolbachia bacteria | Lymphatic Filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti)
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| Nematode transmitted by black flies. Causes "River blindness" and leopard/lizard/elephant skin, and Progressive eye lesions beginning w punctate keratitis w fluffy opacities of the cornea->sclerosing keratitis. | Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus)
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