The Digestive System
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| an/o- | no; not; without
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| bar/o- | pressure; weight
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| chol/e- | bile; gall
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| cholecyst/o- | gallbladder
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| col/o | colon (large intestine)
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| colon/o- | colon (large intestine)
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| dent/o- | tooth
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| dont/o- | tooth
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| duoden/o- | duodenum
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| enter/o- | intestines (usually small intestine)
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| esophag/o- | esophagus
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| gastr/o- | stomach
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| gloss/o- | tongue
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| hepat/o- | liver
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| ile/o- | ileum
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| jejun/o- | jejunum
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| lingu/o- | tongue
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| lith/o- | stone, calculus
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| or/o- | mouth
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| pancreat/o- | pancreas
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| phag/o- | eat; swallow
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| proct/o- | anus and rectum
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| rect/o- | rectum
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| sigmoid/o- | sigmoid colon
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| stomat/o- | mouth
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| -emesis | vomiting
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| -lithiasis | the presence, condition, or formation of stones
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| -pepsia | digestion
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| -phagia | eating; swallowing
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| aerophagia | The swallowing of air, whether deliberately to stimulate belching, accidentally, or as an involuntary habit.
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| amebic dysentery | inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica
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| anastomosis | communication between vessels by collateral channels.
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| anorexia nervosa | a psychiatric disorder characterized by an unrealistic fear of weight gain, self-starvation, and conspicuous distortion of body image.
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| antiemetic | a drug that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting.
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| aphthous ulcers | a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract.
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| ascites | The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling.
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| bariatrics | The branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of obesity.
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| borborygmus | A rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines.
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| botulism | Food poisoning caused by botulinum growing on improperly sterilized canned meats and other preserved foods.
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| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors.
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| cachexia | Weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness.
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| cheilosis | a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin.
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| cholangiography | X-ray examination of the bile ducts, used to locate and identify an obstruction.
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| cholangitis | inflammation of the bile ducts.
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| cholecystectomy | Surgical removal of the gallbladder.
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| cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder.
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| choledocholithotomy | Surgery that involves the removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct.
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| cholelithiasis | The formation of gallstones.
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| cholera | An acute infectious disease of the small intestine, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration, and depletion of electrolytes
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| cirrhosis | A chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue.
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| colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon (with a colonoscope) from the cecum to the rectum;
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| Crohn's disease | A chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, esp. the colon and ileum.
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| diverticulitis | Inflammation of a diverticulum, esp. in the colon, causing pain and disturbance of bowel function.
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| diverticulosis | A condition in which diverticula are present in the intestine without signs of inflammation.
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| dyspepsia | Indigestion.
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| dysphagia | condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful.
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| emesis | The action or process of vomiting.
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| enteritis | Inflammation of the intestine, esp. the small intestine, usually accompanied by diarrhea
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| eructation | belching; casting up wind from the stomach through the mouth
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| esophageal varices | extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower esophagus.
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| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | A procedure that enables the examiner (usually a gastroenterologist) to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first portion of small bowel) using a thin flexible tube (a "scope") that can be looked through or seen on a TV monitor.
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| gastroduodenostomy | Gastroduodenostomy is a surgical procedure where the doctor creates a new connection between the stomach and the duodenum.
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease | A chronic condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter allows gastric acids to reflux into the esophagus, causing heartburn, acid indigestion, and possible injury to the esophageal lining.
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| gastrostomy tube | A feeding tube is a medical device used to provide nutrition to patients who cannot obtain nutrition by swallowing.
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| hematemesis | vomiting blood.
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| Hemoccult test | A test that checks for hidden blood in the stool
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| hepatitis | A disease characterized by inflammation of the liver.
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| herpes labialis | oral herpes: caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).
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| hiatal hernia | hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm.
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| hyperemesis | severe and excessive vomiting.
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| ileus | a partial or complete non-mechanical blockage of the small and/or large intestine
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| inguinal hernia | hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males.
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| jaundice | Yellowish discoloration of the whites of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes caused by deposition of bile salts in these tissues.
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| melena | Dark sticky feces containing partly digested blood.
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| morbid obesity | a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health
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| nasogastric intubation | the placement of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distension by removing gas, gastric secretions, or food
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| obesity | a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health.
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| periodontium | the bone, connective tissue, and gum surrounding and supporting a tooth.
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| peristalsis | The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation.
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| proctopexy | fixation of a prolapsed anus and rectum
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| regurgitation | vomiting
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| salmonellosis | a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium
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| sigmoidoscopy | Examination of the sigmoid colon by means of a flexible tube inserted through the anus.
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| stomatorrhagia | hemorrhage from the mouth.
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| trismus | Spasm of the jaw muscles, causing the mouth to remain tightly closed, typically as a symptom of tetanus.
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| ulcerative colitis | a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever
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| volvulus | An obstruction caused by twisting of the stomach or intestine.
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| xerostomia | abnormal dryness of the mouth resulting from decreased secretion of saliva.
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