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Terms
The Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| an/o- | no; not; without |
| bar/o- | pressure; weight |
| chol/e- | bile; gall |
| cholecyst/o- | gallbladder |
| col/o | colon (large intestine) |
| colon/o- | colon (large intestine) |
| dent/o- | tooth |
| dont/o- | tooth |
| duoden/o- | duodenum |
| enter/o- | intestines (usually small intestine) |
| esophag/o- | esophagus |
| gastr/o- | stomach |
| gloss/o- | tongue |
| hepat/o- | liver |
| ile/o- | ileum |
| jejun/o- | jejunum |
| lingu/o- | tongue |
| lith/o- | stone, calculus |
| or/o- | mouth |
| pancreat/o- | pancreas |
| phag/o- | eat; swallow |
| proct/o- | anus and rectum |
| rect/o- | rectum |
| sigmoid/o- | sigmoid colon |
| stomat/o- | mouth |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| -lithiasis | the presence, condition, or formation of stones |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -phagia | eating; swallowing |
| aerophagia | The swallowing of air, whether deliberately to stimulate belching, accidentally, or as an involuntary habit. |
| amebic dysentery | inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica |
| anastomosis | communication between vessels by collateral channels. |
| anorexia nervosa | a psychiatric disorder characterized by an unrealistic fear of weight gain, self-starvation, and conspicuous distortion of body image. |
| antiemetic | a drug that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting. |
| aphthous ulcers | a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract. |
| ascites | The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling. |
| bariatrics | The branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of obesity. |
| borborygmus | A rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines. |
| botulism | Food poisoning caused by botulinum growing on improperly sterilized canned meats and other preserved foods. |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors. |
| cachexia | Weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness. |
| cheilosis | a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin. |
| cholangiography | X-ray examination of the bile ducts, used to locate and identify an obstruction. |
| cholangitis | inflammation of the bile ducts. |
| cholecystectomy | Surgical removal of the gallbladder. |
| cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder. |
| choledocholithotomy | Surgery that involves the removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct. |
| cholelithiasis | The formation of gallstones. |
| cholera | An acute infectious disease of the small intestine, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration, and depletion of electrolytes |
| cirrhosis | A chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue. |
| colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon (with a colonoscope) from the cecum to the rectum; |
| Crohn's disease | A chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, esp. the colon and ileum. |
| diverticulitis | Inflammation of a diverticulum, esp. in the colon, causing pain and disturbance of bowel function. |
| diverticulosis | A condition in which diverticula are present in the intestine without signs of inflammation. |
| dyspepsia | Indigestion. |
| dysphagia | condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful. |
| emesis | The action or process of vomiting. |
| enteritis | Inflammation of the intestine, esp. the small intestine, usually accompanied by diarrhea |
| eructation | belching; casting up wind from the stomach through the mouth |
| esophageal varices | extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower esophagus. |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | A procedure that enables the examiner (usually a gastroenterologist) to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first portion of small bowel) using a thin flexible tube (a "scope") that can be looked through or seen on a TV monitor. |
| gastroduodenostomy | Gastroduodenostomy is a surgical procedure where the doctor creates a new connection between the stomach and the duodenum. |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | A chronic condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter allows gastric acids to reflux into the esophagus, causing heartburn, acid indigestion, and possible injury to the esophageal lining. |
| gastrostomy tube | A feeding tube is a medical device used to provide nutrition to patients who cannot obtain nutrition by swallowing. |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood. |
| Hemoccult test | A test that checks for hidden blood in the stool |
| hepatitis | A disease characterized by inflammation of the liver. |
| herpes labialis | oral herpes: caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). |
| hiatal hernia | hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm. |
| hyperemesis | severe and excessive vomiting. |
| ileus | a partial or complete non-mechanical blockage of the small and/or large intestine |
| inguinal hernia | hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males. |
| jaundice | Yellowish discoloration of the whites of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes caused by deposition of bile salts in these tissues. |
| melena | Dark sticky feces containing partly digested blood. |
| morbid obesity | a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health |
| nasogastric intubation | the placement of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distension by removing gas, gastric secretions, or food |
| obesity | a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health. |
| periodontium | the bone, connective tissue, and gum surrounding and supporting a tooth. |
| peristalsis | The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation. |
| proctopexy | fixation of a prolapsed anus and rectum |
| regurgitation | vomiting |
| salmonellosis | a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium |
| sigmoidoscopy | Examination of the sigmoid colon by means of a flexible tube inserted through the anus. |
| stomatorrhagia | hemorrhage from the mouth. |
| trismus | Spasm of the jaw muscles, causing the mouth to remain tightly closed, typically as a symptom of tetanus. |
| ulcerative colitis | a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever |
| volvulus | An obstruction caused by twisting of the stomach or intestine. |
| xerostomia | abnormal dryness of the mouth resulting from decreased secretion of saliva. |
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