Nutrition Ch3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| If you find any errors on these slides, what do you do? (click this card for the answer) | Email totallyjen@gmail.com and I'll fix it! Now click the green "correct" rectangle to go to the next card
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| What are the major groups into which body organization groups? | Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems, Organism
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| what is the cell membrane made up of? | double layer of lipids
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| Where do cells get their energy and nutrients? | Fats, carbs, proteins
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| Compartments and specialized structures that perform specific functions are called... | organelles
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| Which organelle is considered the power plant of the cell, producing all aerobic energy? | Mitochondria
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| Also embedded in the cell membrane, this helps provide rigidness and stability to the form of the cell | cholesterol
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| This substance can make anaerobic energy, and is the interior of the cell excluding the nucleus | cytoplasm
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| Organelle responsible for protein synthesis, has ribosomes attached to the outside of it | Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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| Organelle responsible for fat synthesis, no ribosomes on surface | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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| Packaging center for exporting substances from cell | Golgi apparatus
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| organelle responsible for digesting and breaking down parts of the cell that are not functioning properly. AKA "suicide bags" | Lysosomes
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| organelle responsible for detoxifying harful chemicals like h2o2 (hydrogen peroxide) and alcohols are metabolized | peroxisomes
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| Double membrane enclosed organelle that houses DNA, directs protein synthesis and cell division | nucleus
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| Word meaning all the chemical processes that occur in and between cells to release energy, synthesize substances, prepare wastes. | Metabolism
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| Metabolic process that requires energy | Anabolic
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| Metabolic process that releases energy | Catabolic
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| Name the four types of tissue in the body | Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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| Tissue that lines surfaces, absorbs and secretes, like skin | epithelial
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| Tissue that provides structure, like bones and tendons | connective
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| Tissue that contracts to create movement | muscle
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| Tissue that sends and receives electrical impulses | nervous
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| Two circulatory systems | Cardiovascular and lymphatic
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| Where does exchange occur in circulatory systems? | capillaries and lymph vessels
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| Two what is the pathway of the portal system that nutrients follow before going into the general bloodstream? | intestine, large vein, portal vein, liver, kidneys, bloodstream
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| Which system is responsible for circulating plasma and white blood cells, and composes the immune system? | lymphatic system
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| What drives the motion of the fluids in the lymphatic system? | motion of the body and muscles
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| Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord? | Central Nervous System
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| Which part of the nervous system includes the receptors for sight, touch, and other senses? | Peripheral nervous system
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| What is the basic unit of the nervous system that responds to electrical and chemical signals? | Neuron
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| Continuous barrier that effects nutritional deficiencies | Skin
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| What type of cell attacks microorganisms that invade your body? | White blood cells
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| Which immune response "eats" invaders in your system? | phagocytes
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| Which immune response has antibodies and antigen response | Cell mediated immunity
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| Motion of a tube squeezing its contents from the opening to the exit | peristalsis
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| Name two places where peristalsis occurs in the body | Esophagus (tube in throat that moves food toward stomach) and intestines (moves food toward rectum)
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| Mixture of partially digested food, liquids, stomach acids that move from the stomach into the intestines | Chyme
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| What is the word for gastric juices digesting the person? | autodigestion
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| What is the purpose of villi in the small intestine? | increase surface area to increase the rate of absorption of nutrients
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| When molecules diffuse, they move from an area of __________ concentration to _____________ concentration | From HIGHER to LOWER concentration - in other words, they were all packed together (high concentration) and they spread out.
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| What is inside the large intestine? | Poop. It comes in from the small intestine all liquidy, just water and undigestible stuff because the stuff we do digest has been digested. The large intestine just takes the water out then expels the rest.
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| What is the difference between prebiotics and probiotics? | probiotics are the bacteria that you want in your body. Prebiotics are substances that help probiotics grow.
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| What's in your stool? | undigestible food, dead intestinal cells, some water, bacteria
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| The pancreas, gallbladder, and liver are called ______________ organs of the digestive system. | Accessory
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| Bile is produced by the ___________ and stored in the _____________ | Produced by the liver, stored by the gallbladder
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| This organ is an accessory organ to the digestive system and it produces insulin, glycogen, and pancreatic juices | pancreas
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| recycling system of bile | enterohepatic system
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| What is the medical term for chewing? | Mastication
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| Before it enters the stomach, what is the name of the lump of chewed food, saliva, and mucus? | Bolus
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| System including following organs? kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra | Urinary system
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| Acid-base balance (pH) occurs primarily in these two systems | Urinary (in kidneys) and respiratory (in lungs)
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| Where are carbs stored in our body? | In liver and muscle in form of glycogen
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| Where is fat stored in our body? | In adipose tissue (the fat under our skin that makes us look flabby or thick)
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| Study of how our health and nutrition is effected by our genetics | Nutrigenomics
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| swollen veins of the rectum and/or anus | Hemorrhoids
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| What is the best treatment for constipation? | Increase fiber, water, and movement
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| What causes celiac disease? | Allergic reaction to gluten in wheat, rye, barley
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