Musculoskeletal Word List
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| agonist | The muscle(s) that produces the movement
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| antagonist | The muscle(s) that relaxes in order to allow a movement
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| appendicular skeleton | Consists of bones in the shoulders, hips, upper and lower extremities
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| arthritis | Inflammation of the joints
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| articular | Pertaining to the rounded end of a bone
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| atlas | The first cervical vertebra which supports the skull
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| arthrodesis | Fusion/stabilization or binding of a joint
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| axial skeleton | Consists of the bones of the skull, thorax and vertebral column
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| axis | The second cervical vertebra which provides rotation of the skull
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| bones | Principal organs of support and protection in the body
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| bone marrow | Found within larger bones; responsible for the production of blood cells
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| carpal | Pertaining to the wrist
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| cervical vertebrae | The seven vertebrae which form the skeletal framework of the neck.
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| coccyx | The tail of the vertebral column consisting of four of five fused vertebrae (tailbone)
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| compact bone | Hard, outer layer of bone
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| condyle | A rounded process at the end of a bone that forms an articulation
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| crest | A type of bone process that has a large ridge shape
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| diaphysis | The shaft or long main portion of the bone
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| epiphysis | The end or extremity of the bone
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| fascile | A bundle of muscle fibres
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| femorotibial | Pertaining to the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (lower leg bone)
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| flat bones | Provide a broad surface for muscular attachment and protection for internal organs (pelvic bone)
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| foramen | An opening in the bone for passage of blood vessels and nerves
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| fracture | The breakage of a bone due to trauma or disease
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| gluteus maximus | The large muscle of the buttocks
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| ilium | The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone; upper of three parts of the hip
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| intervertebral disks | Round structure with gelatinous mass in the center that separates the vertebrae
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| involuntary | That which occurs with no discretionary control, usually a visceral muscle (heart action or peristalsis
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| irregular bones | All other bones that cannot be grouped under the other headings (vertebrae)
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| ischium | The lower part of the hip bone
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| joints | The place(s) at which two bones meet (articulate)
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| kyphosis | An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae. "hunchback" or "humpback"
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| latissimus dorsi | The large muscle of the back
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| ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone
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| long Bones | Found in extremities of the body (arms, legs, and fingers)
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| lordosis | Abnormal inward curvature of the spine (Seen in pregnancy and obesity)
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| lumbar vertebrae | The five vertibrae situated in the lower back which carry most of the weight of the torso
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| metacarpectomy | Excision of the bones of the hand
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| muscles | Structures that contract providing movement of the bone
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| muscular tissue | Refers to all of the contractile tissue of the body; two main types are voluntary in involuntaty
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| musculoskeletal | Consists of bones, joints, and muscles, which provide the body with support, proteciton, and the ability to move
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| myelocele | Hernia of the spinal cord
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| open reduction | Surgical repair of a fracture with manipulation and insertion of a plate, screw, or nail
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| osteoclasis | To break a bone for therapeutic purposes
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| osteoblast | A cell in the bone marrow that produces bone
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| osteoclast | A cell in the bone marrow that reabsorbs bone
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| osteoma | A bone tumour
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| osteoporosis | Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density
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| paraplegia | Paralysis of lower spine, lower portion of the trunk and both legs
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| Patellapexy | Surgical fixation of the kneecap
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| Pelvimetry | Measurment of the pelvis
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| periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the bone and contains blood vessels, lymphs and nerves
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| phalangeal | Pertaining to the bones of the fingers and toes
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| podiarty | Foot treatment
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| pubis | The third portion of the hipbone that is situated in front of the bladder
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| quadriplegia | Paralysis of the upper spine, all four extremities
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| ribs | A series of twelve pair of curved bones attached to the vertebral column which provides protection for internal organs
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| rickets | A medical condition caused by lack of Vitamin D
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| sacrum | The five sacral vertebrae which are fused into a single bone
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| scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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| short bones | Bones that ar as wide as they are long (ankles, wrists)
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| sinus | A bone cavity
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| spina bifida | A genetic disorder that results in malformation of the spine due to imperfect joining of the vertebrae
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| sternocleidomastoid | A muscle of the chest arising from the sternum and inner part of the clavicle
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| sternum | Breast bone/chest plate
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| substernal | Pertaining to under the sternum (breastbone)
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| synarthrosis | Immovable joints
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| syndactylism | Condition of fingers and toes being joined together (webbed)
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| tendon | A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone
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| thoracic vertebrae | The twelve vertebrae which support the chest and serve as a point of articulation for the ribs
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| thorax | The chest area
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| torticollis | Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle
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| trochanter | A very large bony projection
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| tubercle | A small, rounded elevation from the surface of a bone
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| tuberosity | A large, rounded elevation from the surface of a bone
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| vertebrae | The twenty-six bones which make up the adult vertebral column
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| voluntary | That which is done with control. Usually a striated muscle such as the biceps (walking, blinking)
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