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Musculoskeletal
Musculoskeletal Word List
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agonist | The muscle(s) that produces the movement |
| antagonist | The muscle(s) that relaxes in order to allow a movement |
| appendicular skeleton | Consists of bones in the shoulders, hips, upper and lower extremities |
| arthritis | Inflammation of the joints |
| articular | Pertaining to the rounded end of a bone |
| atlas | The first cervical vertebra which supports the skull |
| arthrodesis | Fusion/stabilization or binding of a joint |
| axial skeleton | Consists of the bones of the skull, thorax and vertebral column |
| axis | The second cervical vertebra which provides rotation of the skull |
| bones | Principal organs of support and protection in the body |
| bone marrow | Found within larger bones; responsible for the production of blood cells |
| carpal | Pertaining to the wrist |
| cervical vertebrae | The seven vertebrae which form the skeletal framework of the neck. |
| coccyx | The tail of the vertebral column consisting of four of five fused vertebrae (tailbone) |
| compact bone | Hard, outer layer of bone |
| condyle | A rounded process at the end of a bone that forms an articulation |
| crest | A type of bone process that has a large ridge shape |
| diaphysis | The shaft or long main portion of the bone |
| epiphysis | The end or extremity of the bone |
| fascile | A bundle of muscle fibres |
| femorotibial | Pertaining to the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (lower leg bone) |
| flat bones | Provide a broad surface for muscular attachment and protection for internal organs (pelvic bone) |
| foramen | An opening in the bone for passage of blood vessels and nerves |
| fracture | The breakage of a bone due to trauma or disease |
| gluteus maximus | The large muscle of the buttocks |
| ilium | The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone; upper of three parts of the hip |
| intervertebral disks | Round structure with gelatinous mass in the center that separates the vertebrae |
| involuntary | That which occurs with no discretionary control, usually a visceral muscle (heart action or peristalsis |
| irregular bones | All other bones that cannot be grouped under the other headings (vertebrae) |
| ischium | The lower part of the hip bone |
| joints | The place(s) at which two bones meet (articulate) |
| kyphosis | An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae. "hunchback" or "humpback" |
| latissimus dorsi | The large muscle of the back |
| ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
| long Bones | Found in extremities of the body (arms, legs, and fingers) |
| lordosis | Abnormal inward curvature of the spine (Seen in pregnancy and obesity) |
| lumbar vertebrae | The five vertibrae situated in the lower back which carry most of the weight of the torso |
| metacarpectomy | Excision of the bones of the hand |
| muscles | Structures that contract providing movement of the bone |
| muscular tissue | Refers to all of the contractile tissue of the body; two main types are voluntary in involuntaty |
| musculoskeletal | Consists of bones, joints, and muscles, which provide the body with support, proteciton, and the ability to move |
| myelocele | Hernia of the spinal cord |
| open reduction | Surgical repair of a fracture with manipulation and insertion of a plate, screw, or nail |
| osteoclasis | To break a bone for therapeutic purposes |
| osteoblast | A cell in the bone marrow that produces bone |
| osteoclast | A cell in the bone marrow that reabsorbs bone |
| osteoma | A bone tumour |
| osteoporosis | Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density |
| paraplegia | Paralysis of lower spine, lower portion of the trunk and both legs |
| Patellapexy | Surgical fixation of the kneecap |
| Pelvimetry | Measurment of the pelvis |
| periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the bone and contains blood vessels, lymphs and nerves |
| phalangeal | Pertaining to the bones of the fingers and toes |
| podiarty | Foot treatment |
| pubis | The third portion of the hipbone that is situated in front of the bladder |
| quadriplegia | Paralysis of the upper spine, all four extremities |
| ribs | A series of twelve pair of curved bones attached to the vertebral column which provides protection for internal organs |
| rickets | A medical condition caused by lack of Vitamin D |
| sacrum | The five sacral vertebrae which are fused into a single bone |
| scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| short bones | Bones that ar as wide as they are long (ankles, wrists) |
| sinus | A bone cavity |
| spina bifida | A genetic disorder that results in malformation of the spine due to imperfect joining of the vertebrae |
| sternocleidomastoid | A muscle of the chest arising from the sternum and inner part of the clavicle |
| sternum | Breast bone/chest plate |
| substernal | Pertaining to under the sternum (breastbone) |
| synarthrosis | Immovable joints |
| syndactylism | Condition of fingers and toes being joined together (webbed) |
| tendon | A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone |
| thoracic vertebrae | The twelve vertebrae which support the chest and serve as a point of articulation for the ribs |
| thorax | The chest area |
| torticollis | Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle |
| trochanter | A very large bony projection |
| tubercle | A small, rounded elevation from the surface of a bone |
| tuberosity | A large, rounded elevation from the surface of a bone |
| vertebrae | The twenty-six bones which make up the adult vertebral column |
| voluntary | That which is done with control. Usually a striated muscle such as the biceps (walking, blinking) |
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