The Human Body in Health and Disease - Chapter 2
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| abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the major viscera.
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| adenectomy | The removal of all or part of the adenoid glands by surgery.
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| adenocarcinoma | A malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue.
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| adenoma | A benign tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue.
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| adenomalacia | abnormal softening of a gland
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| adenosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a gland
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| anaplasia | Reversion of cells to an immature or a less differentiated form, as occurs in most malignant tumors.-change in structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
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| anatomy | the science of the structure of living organisms.
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| anomaly | marked deviation from normal, especially as a result of congenital or hereditary defects.
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| anterior | situated at or directed toward the front; opposite of posterior.
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| aplasia | lack of development of an organ or tissue.
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| bloodborne transmission | occurs through contact with blood or body fluids that are contaminated with blood.
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| caudal | Of, at, or near the tail or hind parts; posterior.
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| cephalic | Of or relating to the head.
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| chromosomes | A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information.
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| communicable disease | a disease that can be communicated from one person to another.
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| congenital disorder | birth defect: a defect that is present at birth.
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| cytoplasm | The protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell.
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| distal | Anatomically located far from a point of reference, such as an origin or a point of attachment.
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| dorsal | Of, on, or relating to the upper side
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| dysplasia | abnormal growth or development of cells, tissue, bone, or an organ.
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| endemic | Prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people: ex. diseases endemic to the tropics.
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| endocrine glands | Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct.
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| epidemic | A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
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| epigastric region | the upper central region of the abdomen.
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| etiology | the study cause of a disease or abnormal condition
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| exocrine glands | An externally secreting gland, such as a salivary gland or sweat gland that releases its secretions directly or through a duct.
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| functional disorder | disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.
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| geriatrician | Of or relating to the aged or to characteristics of the aging process.
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| hemophilia | A medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, often due to lack of factor VIII.
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| histology | The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
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| homeostasis | The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, esp. as maintained by physiological processes.
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| hyperplasia | The enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells (#)
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| hypertrophy | The enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells. (size)
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| hypogastric region | The lower part of the abdomen. An arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac regions.
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| hypoplasia | underdevelopment of an organ because of a decrease in the number of cells.
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| iatrogenic illness | illness that is caused by a medication or physician.
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| idiopathic disease | any disease arising from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause.
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| infectious disease | a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact.
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| inguinal | Of, relating to, or located in the groin.
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| medial | Situated in the middle, in particular.
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| mesentery | A fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
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| midsagittal plane | A vertical plane along the midline of the body dividing the body into right and left halves. Also called midsagittal plane.
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| nosocomial infection | Nosocomial infections are ones that have been caught in a hospital.
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| pandemic | Prevalent over a whole country or the world.
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| pelvic cavity | the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera.
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| peritoneum | The serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.
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| peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infection either via the blood or after rupture of an abdominal organ.
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| phenylketonuria | An inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine that causes brain and nerve damage if untreated.
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| physiology | The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
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| posterior | Further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end.
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| proximal | Situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.
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| retroperitoneal | the anatomical space behind (retro) the abdominal cavity.
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| stem cells | An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type
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| thoracic cavity | chest cavity: the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart.
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| transverse plane | an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
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| umbilicus | The navel.
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| ventral | Relating to or situated on or close to the abdomen
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| vector-borne transmission | indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a vector bites or touches a person.
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| genetic disorder | pathologic condition caused by an absent or defective gene
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