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Medical Terms
The Human Body in Health and Disease - Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the major viscera. |
| adenectomy | The removal of all or part of the adenoid glands by surgery. |
| adenocarcinoma | A malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. |
| adenoma | A benign tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. |
| adenomalacia | abnormal softening of a gland |
| adenosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a gland |
| anaplasia | Reversion of cells to an immature or a less differentiated form, as occurs in most malignant tumors.-change in structure of cells and in their orientation to each other |
| anatomy | the science of the structure of living organisms. |
| anomaly | marked deviation from normal, especially as a result of congenital or hereditary defects. |
| anterior | situated at or directed toward the front; opposite of posterior. |
| aplasia | lack of development of an organ or tissue. |
| bloodborne transmission | occurs through contact with blood or body fluids that are contaminated with blood. |
| caudal | Of, at, or near the tail or hind parts; posterior. |
| cephalic | Of or relating to the head. |
| chromosomes | A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information. |
| communicable disease | a disease that can be communicated from one person to another. |
| congenital disorder | birth defect: a defect that is present at birth. |
| cytoplasm | The protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell. |
| distal | Anatomically located far from a point of reference, such as an origin or a point of attachment. |
| dorsal | Of, on, or relating to the upper side |
| dysplasia | abnormal growth or development of cells, tissue, bone, or an organ. |
| endemic | Prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people: ex. diseases endemic to the tropics. |
| endocrine glands | Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. |
| epidemic | A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time |
| epigastric region | the upper central region of the abdomen. |
| etiology | the study cause of a disease or abnormal condition |
| exocrine glands | An externally secreting gland, such as a salivary gland or sweat gland that releases its secretions directly or through a duct. |
| functional disorder | disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified. |
| geriatrician | Of or relating to the aged or to characteristics of the aging process. |
| hemophilia | A medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, often due to lack of factor VIII. |
| histology | The study of the microscopic structure of tissues. |
| homeostasis | The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, esp. as maintained by physiological processes. |
| hyperplasia | The enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells (#) |
| hypertrophy | The enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells. (size) |
| hypogastric region | The lower part of the abdomen. An arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac regions. |
| hypoplasia | underdevelopment of an organ because of a decrease in the number of cells. |
| iatrogenic illness | illness that is caused by a medication or physician. |
| idiopathic disease | any disease arising from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause. |
| infectious disease | a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact. |
| inguinal | Of, relating to, or located in the groin. |
| medial | Situated in the middle, in particular. |
| mesentery | A fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen. |
| midsagittal plane | A vertical plane along the midline of the body dividing the body into right and left halves. Also called midsagittal plane. |
| nosocomial infection | Nosocomial infections are ones that have been caught in a hospital. |
| pandemic | Prevalent over a whole country or the world. |
| pelvic cavity | the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera. |
| peritoneum | The serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs. |
| peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infection either via the blood or after rupture of an abdominal organ. |
| phenylketonuria | An inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine that causes brain and nerve damage if untreated. |
| physiology | The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. |
| posterior | Further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end. |
| proximal | Situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment. |
| retroperitoneal | the anatomical space behind (retro) the abdominal cavity. |
| stem cells | An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type |
| thoracic cavity | chest cavity: the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart. |
| transverse plane | an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. |
| umbilicus | The navel. |
| ventral | Relating to or situated on or close to the abdomen |
| vector-borne transmission | indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a vector bites or touches a person. |
| genetic disorder | pathologic condition caused by an absent or defective gene |
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