Chapter 2 ~ Medical
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| Abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm.
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| Adenectomy | The removal of all or part of the adenoid glands by surgery.
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| Adenocarcinoma | A malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue.
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| Adenoma | A benign tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue.
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| Adenomalacia | abnormal softening of a gland - aden/o/malacia.
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| Adenosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a gland – aden/o/sclerosis.
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| Anaplasia | loss of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells often with increased capacity for multiplication, as in a malignant tumor
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| Anatomy | 1.The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, esp. as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts
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| Anomaly | Something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected
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| Anterior | Nearer the front, esp. situated in the front of the body, or nearer to the head or forepart
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| Aplasia | The failure of an organ or tissue to develop or to function normally
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| Bloodborne transmission | The spread of a disease through contact with or blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood.
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| Caudal | means toward the lower part of the body.
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| Cephalic | means toward the head.
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| Chromosomes | the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell.
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| Communicable disease | a disease that can be communicated from one person to another.
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| Congenital disorder | an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.
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| Cytoplasm | The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
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| Distal | Situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment.
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| Dorsal | Of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal, plant, or organ.
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| Dysplasia | The enlargement of an organ or tissue by the proliferation of cells of an abnormal type, as a developmental disorder or an early stage in the development of cancer
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| Endemic | refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area.
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| Endocrine glands | Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct.
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| Epidemic | A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
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| Epigastric region | the upper central region of the abdomen.
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| Etiology | The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
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| Exocrine glands | The glands of external secretion They secrete mucus, perspiration, and digestive enzymes.
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| Functional disorder | disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
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| Genetic disorder | a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
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| Geriatrician | the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people
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| Hemophilia | A medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury.
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| Histology | The study of the microscopic structure of tissues
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| Homeostasis | 1.The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, esp. as maintained by physiological processes
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| Hyperplasia | 1.The enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer
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| Hypertrophy | The enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells
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| Hypogastric region | an area of the human abdomen located below the navel.
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| Hypoplasia | underdevelopment of an organ because of a decrease in the number of cells.
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| Iatrogenic illness | Any complication related to diagnosis and treatment of disease, regardless of whether the condition occurs as a known risk of a procedure or through errors of omission or commission
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| Idiopathic disorder | any disease arising from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause
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| Infectious disease | A disease caused by a microorganism or other agent, such as a bacterium, fungus, or virus, that enters the body of an organism.
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| Inguinal | located in the groin.
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| Medial | extending toward the middle
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| Messentery | A fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
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| Midsagittal plane | A sagittal plane is an imaginary plane that travels vertically from the top to the bottom of the body, dividing it into left and right portions.
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| Nosocomial infection | are infections that are a result of treatment in a hospital or a healthcare service unit.
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| Pandemic | An outbreak of such a disease
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| Pelvic cavity | the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera
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| Peritoneum | The serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs
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| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infection either via the blood or after rupture of an abdominal organ
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| Phenylketonuria | An inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine that causes brain and nerve damage if untreated
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| Physiology | The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts
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| Posterior | Located behind a part or toward the rear of a structure.
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| Proximal | Situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment
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| Retroperitoneal | Situated or occurring behind the peritoneum
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| Stem cells | 1.An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation
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| Thoracic cavity | is the chamber of the human body (and other animal bodies) that is protected by the thoracic wall (thoracic cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia).
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| Transverse plane | is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes.
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| Umbilicus | The navel
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| Ventral | toward or on or near the belly
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| Vector-borne transmission | indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a vector bites or touches a person
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