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Chapter 2 ~ Medical
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm. |
| Adenectomy | The removal of all or part of the adenoid glands by surgery. |
| Adenocarcinoma | A malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. |
| Adenoma | A benign tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. |
| Adenomalacia | abnormal softening of a gland - aden/o/malacia. |
| Adenosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a gland – aden/o/sclerosis. |
| Anaplasia | loss of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells often with increased capacity for multiplication, as in a malignant tumor |
| Anatomy | 1.The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, esp. as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts |
| Anomaly | Something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected |
| Anterior | Nearer the front, esp. situated in the front of the body, or nearer to the head or forepart |
| Aplasia | The failure of an organ or tissue to develop or to function normally |
| Bloodborne transmission | The spread of a disease through contact with or blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood. |
| Caudal | means toward the lower part of the body. |
| Cephalic | means toward the head. |
| Chromosomes | the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell. |
| Communicable disease | a disease that can be communicated from one person to another. |
| Congenital disorder | an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth. |
| Cytoplasm | The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Distal | Situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment. |
| Dorsal | Of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal, plant, or organ. |
| Dysplasia | The enlargement of an organ or tissue by the proliferation of cells of an abnormal type, as a developmental disorder or an early stage in the development of cancer |
| Endemic | refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area. |
| Endocrine glands | Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. |
| Epidemic | A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time |
| Epigastric region | the upper central region of the abdomen. |
| Etiology | The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition |
| Exocrine glands | The glands of external secretion They secrete mucus, perspiration, and digestive enzymes. |
| Functional disorder | disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified |
| Genetic disorder | a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically |
| Geriatrician | the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people |
| Hemophilia | A medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury. |
| Histology | The study of the microscopic structure of tissues |
| Homeostasis | 1.The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, esp. as maintained by physiological processes |
| Hyperplasia | 1.The enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer |
| Hypertrophy | The enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells |
| Hypogastric region | an area of the human abdomen located below the navel. |
| Hypoplasia | underdevelopment of an organ because of a decrease in the number of cells. |
| Iatrogenic illness | Any complication related to diagnosis and treatment of disease, regardless of whether the condition occurs as a known risk of a procedure or through errors of omission or commission |
| Idiopathic disorder | any disease arising from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause |
| Infectious disease | A disease caused by a microorganism or other agent, such as a bacterium, fungus, or virus, that enters the body of an organism. |
| Inguinal | located in the groin. |
| Medial | extending toward the middle |
| Messentery | A fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen. |
| Midsagittal plane | A sagittal plane is an imaginary plane that travels vertically from the top to the bottom of the body, dividing it into left and right portions. |
| Nosocomial infection | are infections that are a result of treatment in a hospital or a healthcare service unit. |
| Pandemic | An outbreak of such a disease |
| Pelvic cavity | the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera |
| Peritoneum | The serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs |
| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infection either via the blood or after rupture of an abdominal organ |
| Phenylketonuria | An inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine that causes brain and nerve damage if untreated |
| Physiology | The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts |
| Posterior | Located behind a part or toward the rear of a structure. |
| Proximal | Situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment |
| Retroperitoneal | Situated or occurring behind the peritoneum |
| Stem cells | 1.An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation |
| Thoracic cavity | is the chamber of the human body (and other animal bodies) that is protected by the thoracic wall (thoracic cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia). |
| Transverse plane | is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes. |
| Umbilicus | The navel |
| Ventral | toward or on or near the belly |
| Vector-borne transmission | indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a vector bites or touches a person |
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