Determinants of airway resistance/forced expirations/lung volumes-CJ- 1/10/13
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| Two main forces that oppose air movement | Compliance and frictional resistance
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| What is the predominant resistance to airway flow? | Airway resistance (80%)
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| Sources of viscous resistance | Lung and chest wall as well as diaphragm and abdomen
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| Resistance is measured by measuring the | Pressure drop
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| Equation for measuring resistance | R= Change in pressure/Flow
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| Three types of air flow through airways | Laminar, turbulent, transitional
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| Laminar flow in the lungs is seen in the | Terminal bronchioles
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| Turbulent flow in the respiratory system is seen in the | Trachea
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| Relationship between Radius and Resistance in laminar flow | Resistance is inversely proportional to radius^4
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| Relationship between radius and length in laminar flow | Resistance is inversely proportional to length
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| An increase in velocity does what to the chance of turbulent flow | Increases
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| An increase in diameter does what to the chance of turbulent flow | Increases
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| An increase in density does what to the chance of turbulent flow | Increases
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| An increase in viscosity does what to the chance of turbulent flow | Decreases
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| The main site of airway resistance in | The medium-sized bronchi
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| Define radial traction | As alveoli expand, they exert tension on airways and pull them open
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| What factors affect smooth muscle tone and affect airway resistance? | Irritants, parasympathetic tone, and B2 stimulants
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| What increases airways resistance in Chronic bronchitis | Hyper secretions of mucus
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| What increases airway resistance in asthma | Increase in smooth muscle ton due to hypersensitivity
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| What increases airways resistance in emphysema | Decreased radial traction and decreased diameter
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| Forced expiration changes the main site of resistance to | Peripheral airways because they are compressed
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| Define transairway pressure | Pressure difference across the airway wall
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| What determines airway patency | Transairway pressure
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| During inspiration and passive expiration, the transaiway pressure is | Positive
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| When you squeeze the lungs, the pleural pressure becomes | Positive
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| What lung volumes cannot be measured by spirometry? | Functional residual capacity, residual volume and total lung capacity
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| Obstructive disorders present with | Increased airway resistance and large lung volumes
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| Restrictive disorders present with | Normal/decreased airway resistance and small lung volumes
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| FEV1 | Volume exhaled in 1st second
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| FVC | Total volume exhaled
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| Normal FEV:FVC | .8
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| Obstructive FEV:FVC ratio | Less than .8
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| Restrictive FEV:FVC ratio | Greater than or equal to .8
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| What factors determine FEV1 | Lung volume, Airway collapse, Airway resistance
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| Forced expiratory flow rate in obstructive disorders is | Lower than 3.5
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| Forced expiratory flow rate in restrictive disorders is | Greater than 3.5
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| Flow-volume curve for obstructive disorders presents with a | "Scooped out" area
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| An interthoracic airway obstruction flow-volume curve will be | Flattened on the top (expiration)
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| An extrathoracic airway obstruction flow-volume curve will be | Flattened on the bottom (inspiration)
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| A fixed obstruction flow-volume curve will be | Flattened in both expiration and inspiration
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