A&P Ch1 Intro to A&P
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| What do you do if you find out that Jen messed up and has a wrong answer somewhere? | Email me at totallyjen@gmail.com and I'll fix it! Thank you!
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| The study of internal and external structures of the body and the physial relationships among body parts, means "cutting open" | Anatomy
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| The study of how living organisms perform their vital functions | Physiology
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| Anatomy or physiology: Studying how a particular muscle attaches to the skeleton | Anatomy
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| Anatomy or physiology: Studying how a muscle contracts | Physiology
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| Medical Terminology: which part means basic, meaningful part of terms that cannot be broken down? | Roots
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| Medical Terminology: Which part means a modification attached to the beginning of words to change their meaning? | Prefix
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| Medical Terminology: Which part means modifications attached to the end of a word or word part to form another term? | Suffix
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| When you put together root words with prefixes or suffixes, what is the final product called? | Combining form
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| Commemorative names (like calling Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis "Lou Gerhig's Disease") are examples of what? | Eponyms
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| The Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology and 56 international association members published this book of standard international anatomical vocabulary | International Anatomical Terminology, Terminologia Anatomica, or TA
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| Gross Anatomy: This field studies the general form and superficial markings | Surface anatomy
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| Gross Anatomy: This field focuses on anatomical organization of specific areas of the body | Regional Anatomy
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| Gross Anatomy: This field studies the structure of organ systems | Systemic Anatomy
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| Gross Anatomy: This field describes changes in form occuring between conception and physical maturity | Developmental Anatomy
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| The most extensive structural changes occur during the first 2 months of development. The study of these early processes is called... | Embryology
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| Gross Anatomy: These fields include pathological, radiographic, and surgical anatomy, and is based on subspeciaties in clinical practice | Clinical Anatomy
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| Two major subdivisions of microscopic anatomy | Cytology, Histology
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| Study of internal structure of individual cells | Cytology
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| Study of tissues (groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together) | Histology
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| Tissues combine to form these structures, and at this level microscopic anatomy crosses the line to macro. | Organs (heart, kidney, liver, brain)
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| The study of the function of cells including chemical and molecular processes within and between cells | Cell physiology
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| Study of function of specific organs, such as cardiac | Organ physiology
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| Study of effects of diseases on organ or system functions | Pathological physiology
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| A system of advancing knowledge by formulating a question, collecting data about it through observation/experiment, and testing the question | The Scientific Method
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| Structural and functional components of cells | Organelles
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| Group of cells working together to perform one or more specific function | Tissue
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| Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions | Organs
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| Group of organs interacting to perform a particular function | Organ systems
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| Name the 11 Organ Systems | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive
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| 11 organ systems mnemonic | Sir My Resolve Is Completely RUINED (CIRc, Musc, RESp, Immune/lymph, Cardio, Repro, Urin, Integ, Nerv, Endo, Digest) *Note Dr. Bob doesn't recognize Lymph
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| What are the major organs of the Lymphatic System? | Spleen, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels and nodes, Tonsils *Note Dr. Bob doesn't recognize Lymph
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| The Liver is part of which organ system(s)? | Digestive and Lymphatic
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| What is the highest level of organization? | The Organism (Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism)
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| Medial or Lateral? Big Toe | Medial
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| Medial or Lateral? Ulna | Medial
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| Medial or Lateral? Fibula | Lateral
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| Medial or Lateral? Thumb | Lateral
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| Medial or Lateral? Radius | Lateral
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| Medial or Lateral? Tibia | Medial
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| Medial or Lateral? Little toe | Lateral
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| Medial or Lateral? Little pinkie finger | Medial
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| Another word for Anterior | Ventral
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| Another word for Posterior | Dorsal
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| What number refers to the thumb? | 1 (first)
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| Visceral refers to a membrane that is where on an organ? | Directly on the surface
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| Parietal refers to a membrane that is where on an organ? | Further away from the organ surrounding its cavity
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| What are 3 organs that have visceral and parietal membranes? | Heart (pericardium), Lungs (pleura) and intestines (peritoneum)
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| Term meaning the adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis | Homeostatic regulation
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| a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts activities automatically in response to environmental change | Autoregulation or intrinsic regulation
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| Activities of the nervous system or endocrine system to adjust or control activities of many other systems simultaneously | Extrinsic regulation
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| Nervous or endocrine? Which system directs rapid, short-term responses? | Nervous
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| Nervous or endocrine? Which system directs very specific responses? | Nervous
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| Nervous or endocrine? Which system directs hormones through the body? | Endocrine
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| Nervous or endocrine? Which system directs a response that may persist for days or weeks? | Endocrine
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| Nervous or endocrine? Which system will cause you to make a reaction, like jumping back from pain? | Nervous
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| Nervous or endocrine? Which system plays a major role in growth and development? | Endocrine
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| Which part of the homeostatic regulatory system is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change? | Receptor
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| Which part of the homeostatic regulatory system is an integration center, receiving information and sending out commands? | Control Center
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| Which part of the homeostatic regulatory system is the cell or organ that responds and actively opposes or enhances stimulus | Effector
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| What is the desired value of homeostatic regulation called? | Set Point
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| What term describes the body's relatively constant internal environment? | Homeostasis
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| What does negative feedback do? | Says "no I don't like it stop!" and minimizes, or negates, the original stimulus, keeping variation in key body systems within acceptable limits
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| Describe the body region: Antebrachium | Forearm (elbow down)
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| Describe the body region: Axillary Region | Armpit (Lateral thoracic)
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| Describe the body region: Brachium | Upper arm
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| Describe the body region: Gluteal Region | Butt
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| Describe the body region: Gastrocnemial Region | Calf - also called sural
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| Describe the body region: Cervical Region | Neck (think cervical collar). Portion of body surrounding cervical spine.
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| Describe the body region: Cubital Fossa | Pit on front of elbow. Also called antecubital region (ante=front)
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| Describe the body region: Deltoid Region | Shoulder
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| Describe the body region: Cranium | Head
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| Describe the body region: Dorsum | Back of body, top of foot
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| Describe the body region: Inguinal Region | Groin and lower lateral regions of abdomen (the "v" portion where the abdomen meets the legs)
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| Describe the body region: Coxal Region | Lateral hip
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| Describe the body region: Occipital Region | Back of skull. Covers occipital lobe of brain, responsible for sight.
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| Describe the body region: Perineal | AKA "taint", the diamond shaped portion of the base of the trunk between the genetalia and anus
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| Describe the body region: Manus | Back of hands "Mano a mano" means hand to hand.
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| Describe the body region: Mammary | Portion of breast including nipples. anterior to pectoral muscles
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| Describe the body region: Tarsal Region | Foot
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| Describe the body region: Orbital | Eye orbits
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| Describe the body region: Lower Extremity | Legs
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| Describe the body region: Lumbar Region | Portion of the back where the lumbar region of the spine is but extending laterally to cover that entire area of the back.
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| Describe the body region: Neck | Also cervical
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| Describe the body region: Palmar Surface | Palm of hand
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| Describe the body region: Patellar Region | Patella, knee - specifically front
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| Describe the body region: Plantar surface | Bottom of foot - "plantar flex" means point toe
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| Describe the body region: Popliteal Fossa | Back of knee. Fossa means pit.
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| Describe the body region: Pubic Region | Groin and genetalia
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| Describe the body region: Femoral | Upper part of the leg, along the femur bone.
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| Describe the body region: Thoracic | Portion of body along the thoracic portion of the spine, ie, the chest
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| Describe the body region: Mental | Chin
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| Describe the body region: Crural Region | Anterior, inferior (front bottom) part of legs, below the knee to above the ankles. Front of Gastrocnemial region.
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| Describe the body region: Carpal Region | Wrist
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| Describe the body region: Pectoral Region | Anterior portion of chest lateral to presternal region
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| Describe the body region: Sacral | Base of spine medial to gluteal regions
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| Describe the body region: Buccal Region | Cheekbones, but Buccal also refers to cheeks and interior of cheeks/gumline
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| Describe the body region: Scapular Region | Two small regions at the tips of the scapulae on the superior, posterior portion of the trunk
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| Describe the body region: Digital | Fingers and toes. Thumb(1) Index(2) Middle(3) Ring(4) Little(5) and Hallux(1), Long(2), third, fourth, fifth
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| Describe the body region: Calcaneal | Heel of foot
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| Describe the body region: Pollex | Thumb
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| Describe the body region: Frontal | Forhead
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| Describe the body region: Nasal | Nose
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| Describe the body region: Pelvic | Between illiac crests, below umbilibus and above inguinal. Think pelvic girdle.
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| Subjective things a person experiences and describes but aren't otherwise detectable or measurable | Symptom
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| Objective things that can be observed or measured | Sign
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| Sign or Symptom: Objective/Observable | Sign (I saw the sign! and measured it)
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| Sign or Symptom: Subjective/Sensing | Symptom (Subjects Sense Symptoms, So I have to ask)
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| Sign or Symptom: Headache | Symptom (I can't see it, but the pt senses it)
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| Sign or Symptom: Rash | Sign (I can see it or measure it)
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| Sign or Symptom: Tummy feels upset | Symptom (I can't see it, but the pt senses it)
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| Sign or Symptom: Nervous | Symptom (I can't see it, but the pt senses it)
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| Sign or Symptom: Swelling at site of injury | Sign (I can see it or measure it)
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| Sign or Symptom: Fever | Sign (I can see it or measure it)
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| Sign or Symptom: Pain | Symptom (I can't see it, but the pt senses it)
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| Sign or Symptom: Anxiety | Symptom (I can't see it, but the pt senses it)
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| Sign or Symptom: Racing heart | Sign
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| Where are the Receptors for thermoregulation? | Skin, and one within the hypothalamus
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| What is the Set Point for thermoregulation? | 37-C or 98.6-F
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| What are the Effectors for thermoregulation if temperature is above the Set Point? | Muscle tissues in the walls of blood vessels supplying the skin, and sweat glands. The muscles dilate vessels, letting blood near the surface to cool, and the sweat glands sweat.
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| In this form of homeostatic regulation, an initial stimulus produces a response that enhances the original change in conditions. | Positive Feedback
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| Positive feedback will exagerate a response to get the body through a potentially life threatening situation quickly. Give an example. | Blood clotting. Labor.
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| A cycle where a response continues escalating is called... | Positive Feedback Loop (Yes it's working! Keep doing that!)
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| What happens when an infection, injury, or genetic abnormaility is so severe that homeostatic mechanisms cannot fully compensate and the internal environment is out of normal limits? | Illness or disease
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| Term meaning opposing processes or forces are in balance | State of Equilibrium or Dynamic Equilibrium (ie, heat loss = heat production)
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| Superficial anatomy | Structures on or near the body surface
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| Anatomical position | Straight, upright, arms out, palms forward, feet together
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| Position where person is lying face up | Supine
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| Position where person is lying face down | Prone
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| Transverse Plane | Horizontal, cross section, cuts body into upper and lower parts
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| Sagittal Plane | Vertical, dividing body into left and right
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| Frontal Plane (coronal plane) | Vertical, dividing body into front and back
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| Midsagittal or median section | Vertical, dividing body into equal halves left and right
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| Parasagittal section | Vertical, dividing body into unequal halves left and right
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| Cranial means toward the... | Head
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| Caudal means toward the... | Bottom
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| Posterior is also known as | Dorsal
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| Anterior is also known as | Ventral
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| Superior means | above
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| Inferior means | Below
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| Proximal means | closer to the midline
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| Distal means | further from the midline
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| Medial means | toward the midline
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| Lateral means | away from the midline
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| Deep means | Farther from the body surface, ie, the bone is deep to the surrounding muscles
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| All things deep to the chest wall are within the | Thoracic cavity
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| All things deep to the abdominal and pelvic wall are within the | abdominopelvic cavity
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| The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by the | diaphragm
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| The embryo has a cavity that contains respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems called the | ventral body cavity or coelm
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| The mediastinum contains... | Trachea, esophagus, major vessels, pericardial cavity
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| The thoracic cavity contains the... | Left and right pleural cavities, and mediastimum with pericardial cavity
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| The abdominopelvic cavity contains the... | Peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity
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| Which cavity extends throughout the abdominal cavity and into the superior portion of the pelvic cavity? | Peritoneal cavity
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| because they extend inferior to the peritoneal cavity, ureters, large intestine, and bladder are all called... | infraperitoneal
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| Disease of short but severe duration | acute
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| act of listening to sounds of body | Auscultation
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| Treatment of disease or disorder with chemicals, especially cytotoxic | Chemotherapy
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| Persistant or recurring illness | Chronic
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| Images before and after radiopaque die administered then "subtracted" from eachother | Digital Subtraction Angiography
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| Science of studying the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases and health factors | epidemiology
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| Science of studying cause of disease | etiology
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| Means "unknown cause" | Idiopathic
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| Magnetic field and radio wave imaging | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
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| Imaging showing chemical functioning of organ | Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
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| Functional changes that accompany syndrome or disease | Pathophysiology
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| Imaging made by reflecting sound waves off internal structures | Ultrasound
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| High energy radiation imaging technique | X-Ray
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