cali anatomy and physiology
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| study of structure and organization of body and parts | anatomy
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| study of function of body and parts | physiology
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| levels of organization | chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level
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| organelle | microscopic subunit of a cell
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| cell | basic structural and functional units of body
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| tissue | aggregation of similar cells that perform similar functions
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| organ | composed of two or more tissues that work together
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| organ system | functional groups of organs
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| outer boundry of cavities | parietal
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| internal organs | visceral
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| at or near the center of the body or organ | central
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| external to or away from the center of the body or organ | peripheral
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| axial portion consists of... | the head, neck, and trunk
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| appendicular portion | upper and lower extremities
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| the three main planes are... | transverse, sagittal, and coronal
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| transverse/horizontal planes divide... | into superior and inferior portions.
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| transverse/horizontal planes are perpendicular to | sagittal planes and the longitudinal axis of the body
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| cross sections | sections made along transverse planes
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| head and neck consist of (4) | cephalic, cervical, cranial, and facial
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| anterior trunk consists of (6) | abdominal, abdominopelvic, inguinal, pectoral, pelvic, and sternal
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| Posterior trunk includes (5) | dorsum, gluteal, lumbar, sacral, vertebral
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| lateral trunk inclueds (2) | axillary, and coxal
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| inferior trunk includes (2) | genital and perineal
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| upper extremity includes (7) | antebrachial, antecubital, brachial, carpal, cubital, digital, palmar
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| lower extremity includes (7) | crural, digital, femoral, patellar, pedal, plantar, popliteal
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| divides body into right and left portions, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body | sagittal planes
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| passes through the midline of the body, divides into equal left and right halves | midsagittal, or medial planes
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| divides the body into anterior and posterior portions | coronal, or frontal, planes
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| what are the two major cavities of the body that contain internal organs | the dorsal and ventral cavities
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| the dorsal cavity is subdivided into what | the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal
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| what houses the brain | the cranial cavity
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| what contains the spinal cord | vertebral canal
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| the ventral cavity is divided by the what | diaphragm
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| a thin sheet of muscle | diaphragm
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| what cavity is protected by the rib cage | thoracic cavity
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| the abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into what cavities | the abdoinal and the pelvic cavities
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| the abdominal cavity contains... | stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen,and kidneys
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| pelvic cavity contains... | urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum, and internal reproductive organs
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| protective membranes that protect the dorsal cavity | meninges
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| serous membranes | line the ventral cavity and surfaces of the internal organs
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| what provides a smooth, friction-reducing surface | serous membrane
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| pleurae and pleural membranes | serous membranes lining the thoracic cavity
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| the walls of the left and right portions of the thoracic cavity are lined by the... | parietal pleurae
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| visceral pleurae | the outer surfaces of lungs are covered by this
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| parietal and visceral pleurae are seperated by | a thin film of serous membrane
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| pleural cavity | the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleurae
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| mediastinum | right and left portions of thoracic cavity are divided by this
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| pericardium | what the heart is enveloped by
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| pericardial cavity | the potential space between the visceral andparietal pericardia
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| peritoneum | line the walls of the abdominal cavity and surface abdominal organs
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| right upper of abdominopelvic quadrants (6) | gallbladder,most of liver and duodenum, right kidney, parts of pancreas, small intestine, ascending and transverse colon
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| right lower or abdominopelvic quadrants contains (7) | appendix, cecum, parts ofascendingcolon,small intestine, right ureter, urinary bladder, and rectum
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| left upper in abdominopelvic quadrants contains (7) | stomach, spleen, parts of duodenu and pancreas, left kidney, parts of left ureter, small intestine, transverse and descending colon
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| left lower organs in abdominopelvic quadrants contains (5) | parts of small intestine, descending and sigoid colon, rectu, left ureter, and urinary bladder
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| right hypochondriac contains | gallbladder, parts of liver, transverse colon, right kidney
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| right lubar contains | ascending colon, parts of small intestine, and right kidney
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| right iliac contains | appendix, cecum, parts of small intestine
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| epigastric contains | parts of liver, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, and transerse colon
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| umbilical contains | parts of duodenum, small intestine, kidneys, ureters
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| hypogastric contains | urinary bladder, rectum, parts of ureters, small intestine, and sigmoid colon
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| left hypochondriac contains | spleen, parts ofstomach, transverse colon,left kidney
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| left lumbar contains | descending colon, parts of left kidney and small intestine
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| left iliac contains | parts of small intestine, descending and sigmoid colon
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| refers to all of the life processes, that is, all of the chemical reactions that collectively are known as life | metabolism
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| two phases of metabolism | anabolism and catabolism
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| prosses thatuse energy and nutrients to build the complex organic molecules that compose the body | anabolism
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| processes that break down complex molecules into simpler molecules | catabolism
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| five basic needs to sustain human life | food, water, oxygen, body temperature, and atmospheric pressure
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| maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment | homeostasis
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