The Muscular System Chapter 7
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| The three types of muscle are | 1.Skeletal(striated) muscle 2.Smooth(visceral) muscle 3.Cardiac muscle
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| Skeletal(striated)muscles are | voluntary(you have control)
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| Smooth(visceral) muscles are | involuntary(autonomic)(you do not have control)
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| Examples of smooth(visceral) muscle are found in the | GI tract(peristalsis), uterus, blood vessels(vasoconstriction & vasodilation), and the urinary bladder
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| Cardiac muscle is | involuntary(you do not have control)
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| Cardiac muscle cells also have the unique ability to | receive an impluse, contract, immediately relax, and then receive another impulse
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| Examples of skeletal(striated) muscles include | 1.Biceps brachii(flexes an inferior arm) 2.Triceps brachii(extends an inferior arm)
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| Most voluntary & skeletal muscles are connected to a bone by a strong, tough, nonelastic, white collagenous fibrous cord known as a | tendon
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| Cardiac muscle is unique because when one cardiac muscle cell is stimulated | all the cardiac muscle cells are stimulated
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| The stimulation causes the cardiac muscle cells to | contract together
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| A steady or constant state of partial contraction maintained in a muscle is called | muscle tone
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| Some muscle cells in a muscle will always be contracting while other muscle cells | are at rest
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| Then the other muscles at rest will contract while those that were contracting will go into | relaxation
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| The contracting and relaxing of the muscles allows us to maintain body posture for | long periods of time without tiring
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| The relaxation and contracting of muscles is accomplished because nerve impulses | alternate between various groups of muscle cells thus allowing all to have periods of rest.
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| Two types of muscle contraction include | 1.Isotonic 2.Isometric
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| Isotonic contractions occur when | lifting a weight, muscles become shorter and thicker and the tone (tension) remains the same
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| Isometric contractions occur when | pushing against a wall, the muscles involved remain at a constant length and the tone(tension) against the muscle increases
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| The more fixed attachment of a muscle that serve as a basis for the action is the | origin
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| The moveable attachment where the effects of muscular contraction are seen, is called the | insertion
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| Muscles can be named according to their action such as | 1.Adductor(movement of a limb TOWARD the midline of the body) 2.Abductor(movement of a limb away from the midline of the body) 3.Flexor(bending a limb at a joint) 4.Extensor(extending a limb at a joint)
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| Muscles can be named according to their shape such as | 1.Quadratus(square) 2.Trapezius(triangular)
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| Muscles can be named according to their origin & insertion such as the | sternocleidomastoid(sternum/origin & mastoid/action-insertion/behind ear)
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| Sternocleidomastoid muscles are primarily used to | move the head
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| Muscles can be named according to their location such as | 1.Frontalis(forehead) raises your eyebrows 2.Tibialis(anterior inferior leg/shin) 3.Radialis(inferior laterial(thumb side) side
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| Muscles can be named according to the number of divisions such as | 1.Biceps brachii(2) 2.Triceps brachii(3) 3.Quadriceps(4)
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| Muscles can be named according to the direction their fibers run such as | transverse(across) or oblique(slanted)
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| Muscles that rotate a limb are called | rotators
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| Movement of the foot upward is called | dorsiflexion
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| Movement of the foot toward the ground is called | plantar flexion
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| Turning a palm so that it faces the ground is called | pronation(face down)
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| The two muscles that cause a palm to face downward are called the | pronator teres & pronator quadratus
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| Turning a palm upwards is called | supination(on back)
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| The muscles that causes a palm to face upward is called the | supinator muscle
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| The muscle that draws the scalp backwards is called the | occipitalis
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| The muscles involved in smiling & laughing are called | zygomaticus(cheek)
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| The muscles that close the jaw are the | masseter & temporalis
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| The muscles that move a scapula include the | 1.Levator scapulae(shrug) 2.Rhomboids 3.Pectoralis minor 4.Trapezius
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| The muscle that flexes & adducts(brings in toward the middle) an arm is called the | pectoralis major
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| The muscle that extends, adducts and rotates an arm medially(swimming) is called the | latissimus dorsi
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| The muscle that abducts(move away from middle) and is a site for intramuscular(IM) injections is called the | deltoid
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| The muscle that flexes a wrist is called the | flexor carpi
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| The muscle that extends a wrist is called the | extensor carpi
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| The muscles that flex the fingers or toes are called | flexor digitora
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| The muscles that extend the fingers or toes are called | extensor digitora
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| The muscle that flexes a thumb is called the | flexor pollicis(thumb--text messaging)
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| The muscle that extends a thumb is called the | extensor pollicis(thumb--hitch hike)
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| The muscle that moves a thumb toward midline is called the | adductor pollicis(thumb)
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| The muscle that moves a thumb away from midline is called the | abductor pollicis(thumb)
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| The muscles that make up the abdominal wall include | 1.External oblique 2.Internal oblique 3.Transversus abdominis 4.Rectus abdominis(washboard)
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| The muscles that flexes and opposes a thumb & is used when we write is called the(grab things) | opponens pollicis(opposition)
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| The muscles of ventilation include | 1.Diaphragm(main muscle of ventilation) 2.Internal intercostals(muscle between ribs) 3.External intercostals(muscle between ribs)
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| The muscles of the buttocks include | 1.Gluteus maximus(cheek) 2.Gluteus minimus 3.Gluteus medius(IM injections)
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| The muscles that flex a knee include | 1.Biceps femoris 2.Semitendinosus 3.Semimembranosus 4.Popliteus 5.Gracilis 6.Sartorius
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| The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, make up the | hamstrings
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| The muscles that extend a knee include | 1.Rectus femoris 2.Vastus lateralis(IM injection) 3.Vastus medialis 4.Vastus intermedius
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| The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis & vastus intermedius make up the | quadriceps femoris group
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| The five muscles that plantar flex a foot (bring it downward) include | 1.Gastrocnemius(calf) 2.Tibialis posterior 3.Soleus 4.Peroneus longus 5.Plantaris
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| Two muscles dorsiflex a foot (bring it upward) include | 1.Tibialis anterior 2.Peroneus tertius
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| How many skeletal muscles does the human body have | 650
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| If all the skeletal muscles worked together, they could lift | 11 tons
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| The three IntraMuscular(IM) injection sites are | 1.Deltoid muscle 2.Gluteus medius 3.Vastus lateralis(thigh)
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