Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Pyrosis | heartburn
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| Melana | passage of dark tarry stools; color is result of digestive enzymes working on blood in stool
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| Hematochezia | passing bright red blood in stools
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| Denture | partial or complete set of artificial teeth that are set in plastic materials
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| Colonoscope | instrument to view inside colon
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| Colonoscopy | flexible fiberscope passed through anus, rectum, and colon is used to examine upper portion of colon
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| Colostomy | surgical creation of opening in some portion of colon through abdominal wall to outside surface; fecal material drains into bag worn on abdomen
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| Emesis | vomiting, usually with some force
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| Cachexia | loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease
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| Ascites | collection or accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
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| Jaundic | Yellow cast to skin, mucous membranes, and whites of eyes caused by deposit of bile pigment from too much bilirubin in blood
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| Diarrhea | passing of frequent, watery bowel movements
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| Rugae | prominent folds in mucosa of stomach; smooth out and almost disappear allowing stomach to expand when full of food
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| Chyme | semisoft mixture of food and digestive fluids that pass from stomach into small intestines
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| Fundus | upper portion of stomach
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| Body | main portion of the stomach
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| Antrum | tapered distal end of the stomach
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| Sphincters | ring of muscle around tubular organ; can contract to control opening of tube
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| Cardiac Sphincter | also called lower esophageal sphincter; prevents food and gastric juices from backing up into esophagus
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| Pyloric Sphincter | sphincter at distal end of stomach; controls passage of food into duodenum
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| Emulsification | to make fats and lipids more soluble in water
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| Volvulus | Condition in which bowel twists upon itself and causes painful obstruction that requires immediate surgery
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| Intussusception | intestinal condition in which one portion of intestine telescopes into adjacent portion causing obstruction and gangrene if untreated
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| Hemorrhoid | varicose veins in rectum
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| Hiatal hernia | protrusion of stomach through diaphragm and extending into thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common syptom
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| Cirrhosis | chronic disease of the liver
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| Fistula | a permanent abnormal passageway between two organs in the body or between an organ and the exterior of the body.
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| Diverticulum | outpouching off the gut
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| Antiemetic | substance that controls nausea and vomiting
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| Laxative | mild cathartic
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| Antacid | substance that neutralizes acid in stomach
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| Anorexiant | substance that treats obesity by suppressing appetite
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| NG | nasogastric (tube)
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| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome
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| N&V | nausea and vomiting
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| NPO | nothing by mouth
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| Brochoscope | instrument to view inside a bronchus
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| Pharyngitis | inflammation of mucous membrane of pharynx, usually caused by viral or bacterial infection; commonly called sore throat
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| Pansinusitis | inflammation of all sinuses
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| Hepatic | pertaining to liver
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| Aphagia | not eating
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| Anorexia | loss of appetite that can accompany other conditions such as gastrointestinal upset
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| Gastric | pertaining to the stomach
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| Sublingual | pertaining to under tongue
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| Nasopharynx | upper pharynx
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| Oropharynx | middle pharynx
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| Laryngopharynx | lower pharynx
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| Palate | roof of mouth
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| Cilia | term for eyelashes that protect eye from foreign particles or for nasal hairs that help filter dust and bacteria out of inhaled air
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| Nares | external openings of nose that open into nasal cavity
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| Nasal Septum | flexible cartilage wall that divides nasal cavity into left and right halves
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| Aspiration | for respiratory system, refers to inhaling food, liquid, or a foreign object into airways
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| Asphyxia | lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately
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| Hypoventilation | to breathe both slow (bradypnea) and shallow (hypopnea)
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| Cheyne Stokes Respiration | abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10-60 sec) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing
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| Epistaxis | nosebleed
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| Hemoptysis | coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum
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| Stridor | harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is obstruction of bronchus or larynx
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| Orthopnea | term to describe patient who needs to sit up straight in order to breathe comfortably
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| Emphysema | pulmonary condition that can occur as result of long-term heavy smoking; air pollution also worsens this disease; patient may not be able to breathe except in sitting or standing position
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| Histoplasmosis | pulmonary disease caused by fungus found in dust in droppings of pigeons and chickens
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| Empyema | pus within pleural space, usually result of infection
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| Pneumoconiosis | condition resulting from inhaling environmental particles that become toxic, such as coal dust or asbestos
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| Oximetry | process of measuring oxygen
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| Polysomnography | monitoring a patient while sleeping to identify sleep apnea
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| Bronchography | process of taking X-ray of lung after radiopaque substance has been placed into trachea or bronchial tree
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| Ventilation Perfusion Scan | nuclear medicine diagnostic test especially useful in identifying pulmonary emboli
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| Aerosol Therapy | medication suspended in mist intended to be inhaled
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| Postural Drainage | draining secretions from bronchi by placing patient in position that uses gravity to promote drainage
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| Ventilation | movement of air in and out of lungs
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| Endotracheal Intubation | placing tube through mouth to create airway
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| Bronchodilator | dilates or opens bronchi to improve breathing
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| Expectorant | substance that assists in removal of secretion from bronchopulmonary membranes
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| Antitussive | substance that controls or relieves coughing
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| Antihistamine | substance that acts to control allergic symptoms by counteracting histamine, which exists naturally in body, and which is released in allergic reactions
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| Thoracentesis | surgical puncture of chest wall for removal of fluids
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| Heimlich Maneuver | technique for removing foreign body of food from trachea or pharynx when it is choking a person
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| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing | method for assisting patients to breathe using mask connected to machine that produces increased pressure
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| Pleuritis | Inflammation of the pleural cavity
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| Pleurectomy | excision of pleura
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| Pleurodynia | pleural pain
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| Thoracalgia | chest pain
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| Cyanosis | slightly bluish color of skin due to deficiency of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide in blood
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| Rhinorrhea | watery discharge from nose, especially with allergies or a cold, runny nose
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| Rhinorrhagia | rapid and excessive flow of blood from nose
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| Rhinitis | inflammation of nose
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| Rhinoplasty | plastic surgery of nose
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| Eupnea | normal breathing and respiratory rate
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| Dyspnea | term describing difficult or labored breathing
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| Apnea | not breathing
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| Pneumothorax | collection of air or gas in pleural cavity, which can result in collapse of lung
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| Appendicitis | inflammation of appendix
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| Cholelithiasis | formation or presence of stones or calculi in gallbladder or common bile duct
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| Cholecystectomy | surgical excision of gallbladder
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| Gastrectomy | surgical removal of stomach
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| Gastrostomy | surgical creation of gastric fistula or opening through abdominal wall
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| Polyp | small tumor with pedicle or stem attachment
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