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Medical Term 7 & 8
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pyrosis | heartburn |
| Melana | passage of dark tarry stools; color is result of digestive enzymes working on blood in stool |
| Hematochezia | passing bright red blood in stools |
| Denture | partial or complete set of artificial teeth that are set in plastic materials |
| Colonoscope | instrument to view inside colon |
| Colonoscopy | flexible fiberscope passed through anus, rectum, and colon is used to examine upper portion of colon |
| Colostomy | surgical creation of opening in some portion of colon through abdominal wall to outside surface; fecal material drains into bag worn on abdomen |
| Emesis | vomiting, usually with some force |
| Cachexia | loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease |
| Ascites | collection or accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity |
| Jaundic | Yellow cast to skin, mucous membranes, and whites of eyes caused by deposit of bile pigment from too much bilirubin in blood |
| Diarrhea | passing of frequent, watery bowel movements |
| Rugae | prominent folds in mucosa of stomach; smooth out and almost disappear allowing stomach to expand when full of food |
| Chyme | semisoft mixture of food and digestive fluids that pass from stomach into small intestines |
| Fundus | upper portion of stomach |
| Body | main portion of the stomach |
| Antrum | tapered distal end of the stomach |
| Sphincters | ring of muscle around tubular organ; can contract to control opening of tube |
| Cardiac Sphincter | also called lower esophageal sphincter; prevents food and gastric juices from backing up into esophagus |
| Pyloric Sphincter | sphincter at distal end of stomach; controls passage of food into duodenum |
| Emulsification | to make fats and lipids more soluble in water |
| Volvulus | Condition in which bowel twists upon itself and causes painful obstruction that requires immediate surgery |
| Intussusception | intestinal condition in which one portion of intestine telescopes into adjacent portion causing obstruction and gangrene if untreated |
| Hemorrhoid | varicose veins in rectum |
| Hiatal hernia | protrusion of stomach through diaphragm and extending into thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common syptom |
| Cirrhosis | chronic disease of the liver |
| Fistula | a permanent abnormal passageway between two organs in the body or between an organ and the exterior of the body. |
| Diverticulum | outpouching off the gut |
| Antiemetic | substance that controls nausea and vomiting |
| Laxative | mild cathartic |
| Antacid | substance that neutralizes acid in stomach |
| Anorexiant | substance that treats obesity by suppressing appetite |
| NG | nasogastric (tube) |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| N&V | nausea and vomiting |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| Brochoscope | instrument to view inside a bronchus |
| Pharyngitis | inflammation of mucous membrane of pharynx, usually caused by viral or bacterial infection; commonly called sore throat |
| Pansinusitis | inflammation of all sinuses |
| Hepatic | pertaining to liver |
| Aphagia | not eating |
| Anorexia | loss of appetite that can accompany other conditions such as gastrointestinal upset |
| Gastric | pertaining to the stomach |
| Sublingual | pertaining to under tongue |
| Nasopharynx | upper pharynx |
| Oropharynx | middle pharynx |
| Laryngopharynx | lower pharynx |
| Palate | roof of mouth |
| Cilia | term for eyelashes that protect eye from foreign particles or for nasal hairs that help filter dust and bacteria out of inhaled air |
| Nares | external openings of nose that open into nasal cavity |
| Nasal Septum | flexible cartilage wall that divides nasal cavity into left and right halves |
| Aspiration | for respiratory system, refers to inhaling food, liquid, or a foreign object into airways |
| Asphyxia | lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately |
| Hypoventilation | to breathe both slow (bradypnea) and shallow (hypopnea) |
| Cheyne Stokes Respiration | abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10-60 sec) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing |
| Epistaxis | nosebleed |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum |
| Stridor | harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is obstruction of bronchus or larynx |
| Orthopnea | term to describe patient who needs to sit up straight in order to breathe comfortably |
| Emphysema | pulmonary condition that can occur as result of long-term heavy smoking; air pollution also worsens this disease; patient may not be able to breathe except in sitting or standing position |
| Histoplasmosis | pulmonary disease caused by fungus found in dust in droppings of pigeons and chickens |
| Empyema | pus within pleural space, usually result of infection |
| Pneumoconiosis | condition resulting from inhaling environmental particles that become toxic, such as coal dust or asbestos |
| Oximetry | process of measuring oxygen |
| Polysomnography | monitoring a patient while sleeping to identify sleep apnea |
| Bronchography | process of taking X-ray of lung after radiopaque substance has been placed into trachea or bronchial tree |
| Ventilation Perfusion Scan | nuclear medicine diagnostic test especially useful in identifying pulmonary emboli |
| Aerosol Therapy | medication suspended in mist intended to be inhaled |
| Postural Drainage | draining secretions from bronchi by placing patient in position that uses gravity to promote drainage |
| Ventilation | movement of air in and out of lungs |
| Endotracheal Intubation | placing tube through mouth to create airway |
| Bronchodilator | dilates or opens bronchi to improve breathing |
| Expectorant | substance that assists in removal of secretion from bronchopulmonary membranes |
| Antitussive | substance that controls or relieves coughing |
| Antihistamine | substance that acts to control allergic symptoms by counteracting histamine, which exists naturally in body, and which is released in allergic reactions |
| Thoracentesis | surgical puncture of chest wall for removal of fluids |
| Heimlich Maneuver | technique for removing foreign body of food from trachea or pharynx when it is choking a person |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing | method for assisting patients to breathe using mask connected to machine that produces increased pressure |
| Pleuritis | Inflammation of the pleural cavity |
| Pleurectomy | excision of pleura |
| Pleurodynia | pleural pain |
| Thoracalgia | chest pain |
| Cyanosis | slightly bluish color of skin due to deficiency of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide in blood |
| Rhinorrhea | watery discharge from nose, especially with allergies or a cold, runny nose |
| Rhinorrhagia | rapid and excessive flow of blood from nose |
| Rhinitis | inflammation of nose |
| Rhinoplasty | plastic surgery of nose |
| Eupnea | normal breathing and respiratory rate |
| Dyspnea | term describing difficult or labored breathing |
| Apnea | not breathing |
| Pneumothorax | collection of air or gas in pleural cavity, which can result in collapse of lung |
| Appendicitis | inflammation of appendix |
| Cholelithiasis | formation or presence of stones or calculi in gallbladder or common bile duct |
| Cholecystectomy | surgical excision of gallbladder |
| Gastrectomy | surgical removal of stomach |
| Gastrostomy | surgical creation of gastric fistula or opening through abdominal wall |
| Polyp | small tumor with pedicle or stem attachment |
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