The Reproductive System Chapter 18
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| The process by which a single cell duplicates its genetic material is called | show 🗑
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| The replication process(mitosis) gives humans a new body every | show 🗑
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| show | 46 chromosomes(groups of genes)
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| show | meiosis
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| Meiotic cells(spermatozoa & ova) contain | show 🗑
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| The primary sex organs of the male reproductive system are the | show 🗑
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| Oxygenated blood is transported to the testes (plural) via the | show 🗑
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| Deoxygenated blood is transported away from the testes(plural) via the | show 🗑
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| The testes(plural) are responsible for producing | show 🗑
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| show | male sperm cells
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| The part of a testicle where spermatogenesis occurs is called the | show 🗑
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| Spermatozoa are produced at a rate of about | show 🗑
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| Spermatozoa have three distinct parts called the | show 🗑
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| Each head contains | show 🗑
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| Chromosomes contain | show 🗑
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| Genes contain | show 🗑
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| show | energy (ATP) for locomotion
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| The function of each flagellum(singular)(tail/whip) (flagella-plural) is to | show 🗑
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| Developing spermatozoa(plural) are stored in a comma shaped structure adjacent to each testicle called the | show 🗑
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| An epididymis is a tube(duct) whose length is approximately | show 🗑
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| It takes the spermatozoa approximately | show 🗑
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| show | Vasa deferentia AKA seminal ducts AKA ductus deferentes (all are plural) vas deferens AKA seminal duct AKA ductus deferens(singular)
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| show | bilateral vasectomy
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| A Bilateral vasectomy will not affect the | show 🗑
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| show | spermatic cord
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| show | ejaculatory ducts
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| show | semen AKA seminal fluid
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| show | 2.5-6 mL
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| The number of spermatozoa ejaculated can be in excess of | show 🗑
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| show | cervix
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| Only a few hundred reach the | show 🗑
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| If the number of spermatozoa falls below 20 million, the male is considered | show 🗑
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| Once ejaculated the spermatozoa can live inside the reproductive tract for approximately | show 🗑
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| show | the ovum(singular) has a protective membrane that must be broken down by an enzyme secreted from the head of each spermatozoon(singular)
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| show | *Milky in color *viscous(thick) *sticky because it contains fructose(energy for the spermatozoa) *alkaline so it can neutralize the acidity of the vaginal secretions & urine
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| show | contains seminalplasmin/capability of protecting spermatozoa by destroying certain bacteria found in vaginal tract/semen *contains enzymes/activate spermatozoa after ejaculation *contains prostaglandins/promote muscular contractions of female gential tr
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| show | prostate *seminal vesicles *Bulbourethral glands AKA Cowper glands
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| The prostate is a donut-shaped gland approximately the size and shape of a | show 🗑
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| show | urethra just inferior to the urinary bladder
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| show | posterior to and at the base of the urinary bladder in front of the rectum
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| show | peas and are located just inferior to the prostate
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| show | male sex hormone
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| show | interstital cells of Leydig
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| show | develop & maintain male sex organs*descent(just before birth) of the testes from the abdominopelvic cavity into the scrotum*broadening the shoulders & narrowing the hips during puberty*Protein build muscles producing muscular bulk/firmness in the physique
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| Additional functions of testosterone include | show 🗑
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| show | scrotum
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| show | two sacs by a septum(wall)
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| Each sac contains a | show 🗑
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| show | spermatozoa & testosterone production require a temperature -3F lower than normal body temperature
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| show | contract & relax
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| show | vessel that carries urine, spermatozoa, & semen to the outside world
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| The length of the male urethra is approximately | show 🗑
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| The male urethra is subdivided into three parts | show 🗑
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| show | introduce spermatozoa into the femal reproductive tract
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| The penis consists of the shaft whose distal portion is slightly enlarged called the | show 🗑
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| Covering the glans penis is a section of loose skin called the | show 🗑
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| show | three cylindrical masses of spongy tissue containing blood sinus
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| show | dilate allowing large quanities of blood to enter the penis
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| show | penile veins
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| show | erection
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| Once sexual stimulation ceases, the penile arteries will | show 🗑
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| show | the erection is lost
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| The inability to achieve or maintain an erection is called | show 🗑
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| Impotence(Erectile Dysfunction/ED) can be caused by | show 🗑
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| show | causing vasodilation of the arteries supplying the penis
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| The primary sex organs of the female reproductive system are the | show 🗑
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| The ovaries are the size of | show 🗑
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| show | superior portion of the pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus
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| A structure that attaches an ovary to the uterus is called the | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Oogenesis(creation of ova) 2. Production of the female sex hormones estrogen & progesterone
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| Immature ova are called | show 🗑
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| Developing ova are referred to as | show 🗑
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| show | FSH (Follicle Stimulation Hormone) and is released approximately every 28 days
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| show | LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
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| Expulsion of an ovum from the ovary is called | show 🗑
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| The average female can ovulate approximatley | show 🗑
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| Usually the ovaries | show 🗑
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| If the ovaries ovulate at the same time and the two ova are fertilized, the result will be | show 🗑
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| If a fertilized ovum splits it's genetic material(DNA) into two separate ova the result will be | show 🗑
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| The stuctures that transports ova from the ovaries to the uterus are called the | show 🗑
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| The finger-like projections of the fallopian tubes that catch the expelled ovum are called the | show 🗑
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| An ovum will be moved into and through an oviduct by | show 🗑
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| Estrogen released during puberty causes the development of secondary female sexual characteristics such as | show 🗑
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| show | fertilization(conception)
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| show | gestation or pregnancy
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| show | the womb
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| The uterus is located in the pelvic cavity between the | show 🗑
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| show | inverted pear
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| The uterus should be angled forward in an | show 🗑
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| The uterus is where the fertilized ovum will | show 🗑
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| show | fundus
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| show | corpus(body)
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| show | cervix
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| show | uterine cavity
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| show | cervical canal
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| show | external os
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| show | perimetrium(uterine serosa)
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| show | myometrium
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| The innermost layer of the uterus is called the | show 🗑
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| The region between the uterus and rectum(recto-uterine pouch) is called the | show 🗑
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| The cyclic sloughing(shedding) of the endometrium is called | show 🗑
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| show | 24-35 days
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| Phases of the menstrual cycle are | show 🗑
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| The menstrual phase involves | show 🗑
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| show | regeneration of the endometrium in preparation for implantation
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| show | expulsion of an ovum from an ovary
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| The post-ovulatory phase involves | show 🗑
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| The hormones responsible for the development of the endometrium are | show 🗑
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| Most birth control pills(BCPs) are varying dosages of | show 🗑
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| The tissue that will form a connection between the maternal and fetal blood supplies is called the | show 🗑
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| A hormone produced by the placenta that will support the developing pregnancy is called | show 🗑
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| show | Early Pregnancy Test(EPT)
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| EPTs (Early Pregnancy Test) can be performed on a woman's | show 🗑
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| The placenta also secretes increasing levels of estrogen and progesterone to support the pregnancy and cause | show 🗑
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| show | mucous membranes
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| show | 1.Passageway for menstruation(menses) 2.Receptacle for the penis, semen, and sperm during intercourse(coitus, copulation) 3.Inferior portion of the birth canal
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| The connection between the vagina and the cervix is called the | show 🗑
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| The external female genitalia is called the | show 🗑
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| The mound of elevated adipose(fat) tissue that becomes covered with pubic hair is called the | show 🗑
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| show | labia majora(outer lips) & labia minora(inner lips)
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| show | clitoris
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| show | vestibule
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| Within the vestibule is a thin fold of tissue that partially closes the distal end of the vagina called the | show 🗑
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| show | lesser vestibular glands AKA Skene's glands
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| show | greater vestibular glands AKA Bartholin's glands
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| show | perineum
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| The perineum is also used to refer to the | show 🗑
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| show | mammary glands
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| Each mammary gland consists of | show 🗑
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| show | lobules
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| The size and shape of the breasts is determined by the location and amount of | show 🗑
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| Milk production(lactogenic) cells located in the lobules are called | show 🗑
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| show | ampullae AKA lactiferous sinuses
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| show | lactiferous ducts
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| A nipple is AKA | show 🗑
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| show | areola
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| The process of secreting and ejecting milk is called | show 🗑
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| The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the production of milk(lactogenesis) is called | show 🗑
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| ART is | show 🗑
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| IVF is | show 🗑
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| show | medications designed to stimulate the ovaries to ovulate
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