biomechanics of the back 10/2/12
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| In flection, the nucleus pulposus moves ______________, facets __________ | posteriorly, open
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| In extension, the nucleus pulposus moves ______________, facets __________ | anteriorily, close
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| In side bending, the nucleus pulposus moves ______________, facets __________ | convex, one open, one close
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| In rotation, the nucleus pulposus moves ______________, facets __________ | not affected
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| What are uncinate processes? | ensure that vertebrae "stay on track"
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| What are uncovertebral joints? | Allow movement to occur smoothly
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| What plane does thoracic movement occur in? | coronal
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| What limits rotation of the thoracics? | ribcage
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| What plane does the lumbar vertebrae move in? | sagittal
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| What limits movement of the lumbar spine? | limited in extension
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| Facet joints and capsules are innervated by.... | posterior rami from 2 adjacent levels
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| What is excessive kyposis a result of? | osteoporosis or compression fractures
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| What plane is excessive kyposis in? | sagittal plane into flexion
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| What are some causes of excessive lordosis? | pregnancy, fat, weak abs
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| What plane is excessive lordosis in? | sagittal plane, into extension
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| WHat is loss of lordosis a result of? | muscle spasm
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| What plane is scoliosis in? | coronal
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| Where are the kyphosises? | thoracic, sacral
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| Where are the lordosises? | cervical, lumbar
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| Which ligaments tether ribs to the nearby vertebrae? | costotransverse ligament
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| What ligament connects the transverse processes of L4 and L5 to the ilium? | Iliolumbar ligaments
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| What joint is specialized for rotation? | posterior atlanto-axial membrane (joint)
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| What is the atlano-occipital joint specialized for? | flexion and extension
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| What does the nuchal ligament do? | fans out from cervical spinous processes, large surface for cervical muscle attachment
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