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Biomechanics back
biomechanics of the back 10/2/12
Question | Answer |
---|---|
In flection, the nucleus pulposus moves ______________, facets __________ | posteriorly, open |
In extension, the nucleus pulposus moves ______________, facets __________ | anteriorily, close |
In side bending, the nucleus pulposus moves ______________, facets __________ | convex, one open, one close |
In rotation, the nucleus pulposus moves ______________, facets __________ | not affected |
What are uncinate processes? | ensure that vertebrae "stay on track" |
What are uncovertebral joints? | Allow movement to occur smoothly |
What plane does thoracic movement occur in? | coronal |
What limits rotation of the thoracics? | ribcage |
What plane does the lumbar vertebrae move in? | sagittal |
What limits movement of the lumbar spine? | limited in extension |
Facet joints and capsules are innervated by.... | posterior rami from 2 adjacent levels |
What is excessive kyposis a result of? | osteoporosis or compression fractures |
What plane is excessive kyposis in? | sagittal plane into flexion |
What are some causes of excessive lordosis? | pregnancy, fat, weak abs |
What plane is excessive lordosis in? | sagittal plane, into extension |
WHat is loss of lordosis a result of? | muscle spasm |
What plane is scoliosis in? | coronal |
Where are the kyphosises? | thoracic, sacral |
Where are the lordosises? | cervical, lumbar |
Which ligaments tether ribs to the nearby vertebrae? | costotransverse ligament |
What ligament connects the transverse processes of L4 and L5 to the ilium? | Iliolumbar ligaments |
What joint is specialized for rotation? | posterior atlanto-axial membrane (joint) |
What is the atlano-occipital joint specialized for? | flexion and extension |
What does the nuchal ligament do? | fans out from cervical spinous processes, large surface for cervical muscle attachment |