Boisvert - WVSOM
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| What are Mees's Bands | White lines in nails due to acute illness
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| What are Lindsay's Nails? | proximal half white, distal half pink
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| What is an often cause of Lindsay's Nails? | Renal/ azotemia
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| What are Terry's Nails? | White except for distal tip
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| What disease is often associated with Terry's Nails? | Cirrhosis
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| What disease is often seen with pitting of the nails? | Psoriasis
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| What is tinea capitis? | fungal infection (dermatophyte) of scalp
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| What is trihotillomania? | Pulling out and breaking off hair
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| Macule | flat, less than 1 cm (non-palpable)
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| Patch | flat, greater than 1 cm (non-palpable)
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| Papule | solid, raised, less than 1 cm(palpable)
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| Nodule | solid, raised, 1-2cm (palpable)
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| Tumor | solid, raised, greater than 2 cm (palpable)
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| Plaque | raised, surface area large in relation to height, greater than 1 cm (palpable - solid)
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| Wheal | raised, leakage fluid into dermis (palpable - solid)
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| Vesicle | fluid filled, raised, less than 1 cm (palpable - transillumination)
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| Bulla | fluid filled, raised, greater than 1 cm (palpable - transillumination)
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| Pustule | raised, less than 1 cm, filled with purulent fluid (palpable - transillumination)
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| Comedo | Plug of sebum and keratin in the opening of a hair follicle Opening dilated - blackhead Opening closed - whitehead
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| Burrow | a channel under the skin produced by a parasite
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| Cyst | raised, encapulated, in dermis or subcutaneous, liquid filled or semi-solid
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| Abscess | acuumulation of purulent material in the dermis or subcutaneous
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| Furuncle | necrotizing form of inflammation of a hair follicle
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| Carbuncle | coalescence of several furuncles
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| Milia | keratin filled cysts in distal sweat gland
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| Erythema | pink/red blanchable discoloration due to dilated blood vessles
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| Petechiae | non-blanching, less than .5 cm intravascular defect
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| Purpura | non-blanching, greater than .5cm intravascular defect
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| Ecchymosis | non-blanching due to vascular destruction or vasculitis
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| Spider angioma | blanchable, red body with radiating legs
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| Venous star | non-blanchable, bluish spider
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| Telangiectasia | fine red lines due to dilation of capillaries
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| Capillary hemangioma | macular patch due to dilation of capillary (most raised)
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| Erosion | loss of superficial epidermis (secondary skin lesion below the skin plane)
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| Ulcer | loss of epidermis and at least part of the dermis (Secondary lesion below the skin plane)
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| Fissure | linear crack from epidermis to dermis (secondary lesion below the skin plane)
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| Excoriation | superficial linear trauma (secondary lesion below the skin plane)
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| Scaling | shedding stratum cornea (secondary lesion above the skin plane)
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| Crusting | dried serum, pus, or blood (secondary lesion above the skin plane)
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| Lichenification | thickening and roughening (secondary lesion above the skin plane)
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| Scar | connective tissue replacement (secondary lesion above the skin plane)
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| Keloid | hypertrophied scar (secondary lesion above the skin plane)
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| Sclerosis | Diffuse or circumscribed hardening of the skin (secondary lesion)
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| Atrophy | thinning of the epidermis (secondary lesion)
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| Annular | ring shaped
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| Arcuate | partial ring shaped
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| circinate | circular
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| confluent | running together
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| discoid | disc shaped wihtout central clearing
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| grouped | clustered together
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| Iris | circle within a circle
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| Linear | in a line
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| reticulated | lace like
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| serpiginous | snake like
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| Malignant Melanoma - ABCDE | 1) Asymmetry 2) irregular Boarders 3) Color - variegated or multiple colors 4) Diameter - greater than 6 mm 5) Evolution of old or recent
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| Oncolysis | seperation of nail bed
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| Pruritus | itching
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| Urticaria | Wheal; hives; usually of systemic origin; usually due to hypersensitivity reaction
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| Clubbing of nails is often due to what type of diseases? | Respiratory and CV disease
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| what are splinter hemorrhages of the nail and what are they associated with? | Linear red streaks in the nail bed, associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis, trichinosis, and manual labor
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| What are Beau's Lines? | Grooves in the nail as a response to stress that temporarily halts nail growth
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| A patient presents with a horizontal groove in several nails three months after having had pneumonia. This most likely represents ________ | Beau's Lines
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| What is the cause and treatment of Alopecia Areata? | Idiopathic, and resolves on its own
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| What causes scarring Alopecia? | Skin conditions that destroy the hair follicle
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| What causes Traction Alopecia? | Prolonged tension on the hair
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| What is Pityriasis alba? | Macules; Common childhood disorder of unknown cause usually on sun exposed areas
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| What is vitiligo? | Patches of lightedn skin due to decreased melanin production
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| Cellulitis | Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue most frequently caused by Streptococcal bacteria
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| What is acne? | A common multifactrial inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles
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| Secondary Syphilis | Papules; Develop 2-6 weeks after the primary infection; caused by Treponema pallidum
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| Lipoma | a begnign neoplasm of adipose tissue
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| Lipoma | a begnign neoplasm of adipose tissue
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| Oncolysis | seperation of nail bed
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| Psoriasis | Plaques; a chronic recurrent diseas of keratin synthesis
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| Pruritus | itching
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| A patient presents with a skin lesion that is non-raised, and not palpable. It is darker than the rest of the skin and is about .25cm in diameter. It is a _________. | Macule
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| Urticaria | Wheal; hives; usually of systemic origin; usually due to hypersensitivity reaction
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| Clubbing of nails is often due to what type of diseases? | Respiratory and CV disease
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| A patient has noticed fine red lines along their nose and cheeks. They appear to be swollen capillaries. They are probably ________. | Telangectasias
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| what are splinter hemorrhages of the nail and what are they associated with? | Linear red streaks in the nail bed, associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis, trichinosis, and manual labor
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| A patient comes in with a 3-5 cm diameter rough 3 mm raised skin lesion. It is silvery in appearance on the surface and the surface flakes off. This is called what? | A scale
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| A patient presents with elevated fluid filled lesions that are 4mm in diameter and 2mm high. They are most likely ________. | Vesicles
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| What are Beau's Lines? | Grooves in the nail as a response to stress that temporarily halts nail growth
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| A patient has noticed fine red lines along their nose and cheeks. They appear to be swollen capillaries. They are probably ________. | Telangectasias
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| A patient presents with a horizontal groove in several nails three months after having had pneumonia. This most likely represents ________ | Beau's Lines
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| Importance of Stratum corneum | dead keratinized cells; protects against harmful substances and fluid loss
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| What is the cause and treatment of Alopecia Areata? | Idiopathic, and resolves on its own
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| Importance of Stratum basale | melanocytes are located here giving skin its coloration
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| What causes scarring Alopecia? | Skin conditions that destroy the hair follicle
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| What causes Traction Alopecia? | Prolonged tension on the hair
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| What is Pityriasis alba? | Macules; Common childhood disorder of unknown cause usually on sun exposed areas
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| What is vitiligo? | Patches of lightedn skin due to decreased melanin production
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| Cellulitis | Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue most frequently caused by Streptococcal bacteria
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| What is acne? | A common multifactrial inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles
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| Secondary Syphilis | Papules; Develop 2-6 weeks after the primary infection; caused by Treponema pallidum
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| Lipoma | a begnign neoplasm of adipose tissue
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| Psoriasis | Plaques; a chronic recurrent diseas of keratin synthesis
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| A patient presents with a skin lesion that is non-raised, and not palpable. It is darker than the rest of the skin and is about .25cm in diameter. It is a _________. | Macule
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| A patient presents with elevated fluid filled lesions that are 4mm in diameter and 2mm high. They are most likely ________. | Vesicles
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| A patient has noticed fine red lines along their nose and cheeks. They appear to be swollen capillaries. They are probably ________. | Telangectasias
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| A patient comes in with a 3-5 cm diameter rough 3 mm raised skin lesion. It is silvery in appearance on the surface and the surface flakes off. This is called what? | A scale
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| Functions of the skin (9) | 1) Physical protection from environment 2) Prevent fluid loss 3) Insulation 4) Production of Vitamin D precursors 5) Regulation of body temperature 6) Provide sensory perception 7) Excretion of wastes 8) Contribute to BP regulation 9) Express emotions
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| Importance of Stratum corneum | dead keratinized cells; protects against harmful substances and fluid loss
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| Importance of Stratum basale | melanocytes are located here giving skin its coloration
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| Importance of Dermis | vascular connective tissue layer; contains sensory nerves and autonomic motor fibers
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| Importance of Hypodermis | fatty connective tissue layer; generates heat and provides insulation, which prevents hypothermia
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| Eccrine glands | sweat glands - regulate body temp; located everywhere (besides lips, eardrums, nailbeds, inner surface of prepuce, glans penis)
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| Sebaceous glands | produce oily sebum which keeps hair and skin from drying out; secretes stimulated by testosterone
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| Apocrine glands | secrete sticky white substance in response to emotion; odorless but bacterial decomp of thes cause body odor; located in axilla, nipples, areola, anogenital are, eyelids, and external ears
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| What is Lanugo? | Fine silky hair over shoulders and back of newborns. Shed 10-14 days after birth
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| What is vellus hair? | short, fine, soft, non-pigmented adult hair
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| What is terminal hair? | coarse, longer, thicker, pigmented adult hair
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| What is spoon nail (Koilonychia)? | central depression of hte nail with lateral elevation of the nail plate producing a spoon-like appearance
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| What diseases are associated with spoon nail? | iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, hypothyroidism
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| Tinea Unguium | fungal infection caused by dermatophytes that displays a yellow, brittle nail with oncholysis, resulting in breaking or crumbling of nails
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| What must be considered if a single black nail suddenly appears and is painless? | Melanoma
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| What to consider in normal vs. dysplastic moles? | COlor, Shape, Surface, Size, number, location
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