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Skin Lesions
Boisvert - WVSOM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Mees's Bands | White lines in nails due to acute illness |
| What are Lindsay's Nails? | proximal half white, distal half pink |
| What is an often cause of Lindsay's Nails? | Renal/ azotemia |
| What are Terry's Nails? | White except for distal tip |
| What disease is often associated with Terry's Nails? | Cirrhosis |
| What disease is often seen with pitting of the nails? | Psoriasis |
| What is tinea capitis? | fungal infection (dermatophyte) of scalp |
| What is trihotillomania? | Pulling out and breaking off hair |
| Macule | flat, less than 1 cm (non-palpable) |
| Patch | flat, greater than 1 cm (non-palpable) |
| Papule | solid, raised, less than 1 cm(palpable) |
| Nodule | solid, raised, 1-2cm (palpable) |
| Tumor | solid, raised, greater than 2 cm (palpable) |
| Plaque | raised, surface area large in relation to height, greater than 1 cm (palpable - solid) |
| Wheal | raised, leakage fluid into dermis (palpable - solid) |
| Vesicle | fluid filled, raised, less than 1 cm (palpable - transillumination) |
| Bulla | fluid filled, raised, greater than 1 cm (palpable - transillumination) |
| Pustule | raised, less than 1 cm, filled with purulent fluid (palpable - transillumination) |
| Comedo | Plug of sebum and keratin in the opening of a hair follicle Opening dilated - blackhead Opening closed - whitehead |
| Burrow | a channel under the skin produced by a parasite |
| Cyst | raised, encapulated, in dermis or subcutaneous, liquid filled or semi-solid |
| Abscess | acuumulation of purulent material in the dermis or subcutaneous |
| Furuncle | necrotizing form of inflammation of a hair follicle |
| Carbuncle | coalescence of several furuncles |
| Milia | keratin filled cysts in distal sweat gland |
| Erythema | pink/red blanchable discoloration due to dilated blood vessles |
| Petechiae | non-blanching, less than .5 cm intravascular defect |
| Purpura | non-blanching, greater than .5cm intravascular defect |
| Ecchymosis | non-blanching due to vascular destruction or vasculitis |
| Spider angioma | blanchable, red body with radiating legs |
| Venous star | non-blanchable, bluish spider |
| Telangiectasia | fine red lines due to dilation of capillaries |
| Capillary hemangioma | macular patch due to dilation of capillary (most raised) |
| Erosion | loss of superficial epidermis (secondary skin lesion below the skin plane) |
| Ulcer | loss of epidermis and at least part of the dermis (Secondary lesion below the skin plane) |
| Fissure | linear crack from epidermis to dermis (secondary lesion below the skin plane) |
| Excoriation | superficial linear trauma (secondary lesion below the skin plane) |
| Scaling | shedding stratum cornea (secondary lesion above the skin plane) |
| Crusting | dried serum, pus, or blood (secondary lesion above the skin plane) |
| Lichenification | thickening and roughening (secondary lesion above the skin plane) |
| Scar | connective tissue replacement (secondary lesion above the skin plane) |
| Keloid | hypertrophied scar (secondary lesion above the skin plane) |
| Sclerosis | Diffuse or circumscribed hardening of the skin (secondary lesion) |
| Atrophy | thinning of the epidermis (secondary lesion) |
| Annular | ring shaped |
| Arcuate | partial ring shaped |
| circinate | circular |
| confluent | running together |
| discoid | disc shaped wihtout central clearing |
| grouped | clustered together |
| Iris | circle within a circle |
| Linear | in a line |
| reticulated | lace like |
| serpiginous | snake like |
| Malignant Melanoma - ABCDE | 1) Asymmetry 2) irregular Boarders 3) Color - variegated or multiple colors 4) Diameter - greater than 6 mm 5) Evolution of old or recent |
| Oncolysis | seperation of nail bed |
| Pruritus | itching |
| Urticaria | Wheal; hives; usually of systemic origin; usually due to hypersensitivity reaction |
| Clubbing of nails is often due to what type of diseases? | Respiratory and CV disease |
| what are splinter hemorrhages of the nail and what are they associated with? | Linear red streaks in the nail bed, associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis, trichinosis, and manual labor |
| What are Beau's Lines? | Grooves in the nail as a response to stress that temporarily halts nail growth |
| A patient presents with a horizontal groove in several nails three months after having had pneumonia. This most likely represents ________ | Beau's Lines |
| What is the cause and treatment of Alopecia Areata? | Idiopathic, and resolves on its own |
| What causes scarring Alopecia? | Skin conditions that destroy the hair follicle |
| What causes Traction Alopecia? | Prolonged tension on the hair |
| What is Pityriasis alba? | Macules; Common childhood disorder of unknown cause usually on sun exposed areas |
| What is vitiligo? | Patches of lightedn skin due to decreased melanin production |
| Cellulitis | Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue most frequently caused by Streptococcal bacteria |
| What is acne? | A common multifactrial inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles |
| Secondary Syphilis | Papules; Develop 2-6 weeks after the primary infection; caused by Treponema pallidum |
| Lipoma | a begnign neoplasm of adipose tissue |
| Lipoma | a begnign neoplasm of adipose tissue |
| Oncolysis | seperation of nail bed |
| Psoriasis | Plaques; a chronic recurrent diseas of keratin synthesis |
| Pruritus | itching |
| A patient presents with a skin lesion that is non-raised, and not palpable. It is darker than the rest of the skin and is about .25cm in diameter. It is a _________. | Macule |
| Urticaria | Wheal; hives; usually of systemic origin; usually due to hypersensitivity reaction |
| Clubbing of nails is often due to what type of diseases? | Respiratory and CV disease |
| A patient has noticed fine red lines along their nose and cheeks. They appear to be swollen capillaries. They are probably ________. | Telangectasias |
| what are splinter hemorrhages of the nail and what are they associated with? | Linear red streaks in the nail bed, associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis, trichinosis, and manual labor |
| A patient comes in with a 3-5 cm diameter rough 3 mm raised skin lesion. It is silvery in appearance on the surface and the surface flakes off. This is called what? | A scale |
| A patient presents with elevated fluid filled lesions that are 4mm in diameter and 2mm high. They are most likely ________. | Vesicles |
| What are Beau's Lines? | Grooves in the nail as a response to stress that temporarily halts nail growth |
| A patient has noticed fine red lines along their nose and cheeks. They appear to be swollen capillaries. They are probably ________. | Telangectasias |
| A patient presents with a horizontal groove in several nails three months after having had pneumonia. This most likely represents ________ | Beau's Lines |
| Importance of Stratum corneum | dead keratinized cells; protects against harmful substances and fluid loss |
| What is the cause and treatment of Alopecia Areata? | Idiopathic, and resolves on its own |
| Importance of Stratum basale | melanocytes are located here giving skin its coloration |
| What causes scarring Alopecia? | Skin conditions that destroy the hair follicle |
| What causes Traction Alopecia? | Prolonged tension on the hair |
| What is Pityriasis alba? | Macules; Common childhood disorder of unknown cause usually on sun exposed areas |
| What is vitiligo? | Patches of lightedn skin due to decreased melanin production |
| Cellulitis | Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue most frequently caused by Streptococcal bacteria |
| What is acne? | A common multifactrial inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles |
| Secondary Syphilis | Papules; Develop 2-6 weeks after the primary infection; caused by Treponema pallidum |
| Lipoma | a begnign neoplasm of adipose tissue |
| Psoriasis | Plaques; a chronic recurrent diseas of keratin synthesis |
| A patient presents with a skin lesion that is non-raised, and not palpable. It is darker than the rest of the skin and is about .25cm in diameter. It is a _________. | Macule |
| A patient presents with elevated fluid filled lesions that are 4mm in diameter and 2mm high. They are most likely ________. | Vesicles |
| A patient has noticed fine red lines along their nose and cheeks. They appear to be swollen capillaries. They are probably ________. | Telangectasias |
| A patient comes in with a 3-5 cm diameter rough 3 mm raised skin lesion. It is silvery in appearance on the surface and the surface flakes off. This is called what? | A scale |
| Functions of the skin (9) | 1) Physical protection from environment 2) Prevent fluid loss 3) Insulation 4) Production of Vitamin D precursors 5) Regulation of body temperature 6) Provide sensory perception 7) Excretion of wastes 8) Contribute to BP regulation 9) Express emotions |
| Importance of Stratum corneum | dead keratinized cells; protects against harmful substances and fluid loss |
| Importance of Stratum basale | melanocytes are located here giving skin its coloration |
| Importance of Dermis | vascular connective tissue layer; contains sensory nerves and autonomic motor fibers |
| Importance of Hypodermis | fatty connective tissue layer; generates heat and provides insulation, which prevents hypothermia |
| Eccrine glands | sweat glands - regulate body temp; located everywhere (besides lips, eardrums, nailbeds, inner surface of prepuce, glans penis) |
| Sebaceous glands | produce oily sebum which keeps hair and skin from drying out; secretes stimulated by testosterone |
| Apocrine glands | secrete sticky white substance in response to emotion; odorless but bacterial decomp of thes cause body odor; located in axilla, nipples, areola, anogenital are, eyelids, and external ears |
| What is Lanugo? | Fine silky hair over shoulders and back of newborns. Shed 10-14 days after birth |
| What is vellus hair? | short, fine, soft, non-pigmented adult hair |
| What is terminal hair? | coarse, longer, thicker, pigmented adult hair |
| What is spoon nail (Koilonychia)? | central depression of hte nail with lateral elevation of the nail plate producing a spoon-like appearance |
| What diseases are associated with spoon nail? | iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, hypothyroidism |
| Tinea Unguium | fungal infection caused by dermatophytes that displays a yellow, brittle nail with oncholysis, resulting in breaking or crumbling of nails |
| What must be considered if a single black nail suddenly appears and is painless? | Melanoma |
| What to consider in normal vs. dysplastic moles? | COlor, Shape, Surface, Size, number, location |
Created by:
StephieeeeRae
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