Adams HCHS AP Human Geo. Rubenstein Ch2
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| crude birth rate (CBR) | Total number of live births per year for every 1,000 people alive
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| crude death rate (CDR) | Total number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people alive
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| demographic transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of a high CBR and CDR and low NIR to a condition of a low CBR, CDR, and NIR with a higher total population
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| demography | The scientific study of population characteristics
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| dependency ratio | The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
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| doubling time | Number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
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| epidemiologic transition | Focuses on distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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| epidemiology | The branch of medical service concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.
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| ecumene | A portion of the Earth occupied by permanent human settlement
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| Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
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| infant mortality rate (IMR) | Annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1000 live births in a society
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| life expectancy | The average number of years a newborn can hope to live from birth
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| Medical Revolution | Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
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| natural increase rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the CBR minus the CDR.
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| overpopulation | A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
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| pandemic | A disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
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| sex ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population.
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| total fertility rate (TFR) | Average number of children a woman will have during childbearing years
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| zero population growth (ZPG) | A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
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| population pyramid | A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.
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| agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land (land suitable for agriculture).
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| arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by the total land area.
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| census | A complete enumeration of a population
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| Physiological density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land (land suitable for agriculture)
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| antinatalist policy | Government policy that supports lower birth rates.
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| pronatalist policy | Government policy that supports higher birth rates.
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