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Muscle Structure

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Created by: CatHern

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Term	Definition
Muscle Fibers	The cell of the muscle Compromised by myofibrils
Myofibrils	Comprised of sarcomeres Usually 1-2 micrometers in diameter
Myofilaments	Comprised of thick and thin filaments Thick (Myosin) Thin (Actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin)
Sarcoplasm	Liquid component found inside the muscle fiber Cytoplasm for muscle cell
Sacroplasmic Reticulum	Stores calcium for muscle contraction Forms a network of reservoirs for calcium release
T-Tubules	Part of the SR that transport calcium throughout muscle fiber Responsible for the storage and release of calcium during contraction and relaxation T- Transverse
Fenestrated Collar	Location where the L-Tubules (longitudinal) converge over the H-Zone
Terminal Cisternae	Part of the SR, located over the A and I Band juncture
Myoneural Juncture	Location where the motor nerve ending terminate on the sarcolemma Site of acetylcholine and cholinesterase release
Motor End Plate	Raised mound where the myoneural juncture is located and the motor nerve terminates on the sarcolemma
Mitochondria	Powerhouse of the cell Provides the cell with energy, through the production of ATP
Lysosomes	Vesicles in the sarcoplasm that contain enzymes capable of degrading proteins Store proteases- enzymes capable of digesting the cell and its contents known as cathepsins
Golgi Complex	Same function as regular cells Package protein and lipids
The Sarcomere	The basic contractile unit of a muscle Spans the distance from z-disc to z=disc Contains 1 A-Band and 2 half I-Bands Comprised of thick and thin filaments Avg. resting sarcomere length is 2.5 micrometers Avg. fiber diameter is 10-100 micrometers
A-Band	Dark band in the center of the sarcomere Location of myosin Thick filament Length does not change during contraction A: Anisotropic, doubly refractive
I-Band	Light band on the ends of a sarcomere Contains actin Thin filaments Length shortens when muscles contract I: Isotropic, singly refractive
H Zone	Area in the center of the A Band in which there is no actin overlap Shortens with muscle contraction
Pseudo H Zone	Area in the center of the H Zone in which there is no myosin heads Width does not change during muscle contraction
Z Disc or Z Line	Line at each ends of the sarcomere at which the actin filaments are anchored by nebulin Comprised of actin, a-actinin, and other proteins
Z Disc or Z Line continued	Broken down by enzymes during postmortem aging, contributing in tenderness associated with aged prodcuts Composed of Z filaments Each actin filament is surrounded by four Z filaments
M Line	Line that divides the sarcomere into two symmetrical halves The midline of the sarcomere Composed of M Proteins
Myofibrillar Proteins Contractile	Actin and Myosin
Myofibrillar Proteins Cytoskeletal	Titan, Nebulin, M Protein, C Protein, Desmin, Alpha-Actinin, Beta-Actinin
Myofibrillar Proteins Regulatory	Tropomyosin, Troponin (T, I, C)
Actin Located: I-band	Composed of g-actin and F-actin Located in the thin filament Binds to the myosin during muscle contraction and slides 20% of myofibrillar proteins 6 actin surround each myosin
Myosin Located: A-band	Most abundant protein in meat Heavy meromyosin (HMM): heads Double headed Light meromyosin (LMM): tails 45% of myofibrillar proteins
Troponin Located: On the thin filament	3 types: Troponin, Inhibitory, Calcium Covers the binding site on the actin for myosin heads and binds to the calcium during contraction Located every 7-8 G-F actin 5% of myofibrillar proteins
Tropomyosin Located: ON the thin filament	Spans 7 G-actin on the F-actin and is bound to troponin Located along F-actin 5% of myofibrillar
Alpha Actinin Located: Z disc	Cementing substance in the Z filament
Beta Actinin Located: I band	Regulates the length of the thin filament in each 12 I band
Titan Located: Thick Filament	Holds the A and I bands together Located between the A and I band 10% of myofibrillar proteins Runs from the Mline to Z disc Provides scaffold for alignment of filaments
Nebulin Located: I band/thin filament	Anchors the thin filament to the Z-disc Located on the entire length of the thin filament 4% of myofibrillar
C Protein Located: Thick Filament	7 rings encircle each half of the thick filament and helps provide stability to the thick filament Located around the thick filament in the A band
M Protein Located: M Line	Component of the M-line Stabilizes rod portion of myosin on the thick filament
Desmin Located: I band	Anchors the myofibril to the sarcolemma