| Term | Definition |
| burs/o | a pouch |
| osteoblasts | bone forming cells |
| diaphysis | the shaft of a long bone |
| periosteum | fibrous vascular membrane that forms the covering of bones |
| foramen | opening in the bone for blood vessels, ligaments and nerves |
| joint | a place where two or more bones connect |
| vertebrae | connected to form 4 spinal curves |
| extension | straightening a flexed limb |
| abduct | moving body part away from the middle |
| adduct | moving body part toward the middle |
| inversion | turning inward |
| cervical vertebrae | 7 vertebrae |
| thoracic vertebrae | 12 vertebrae |
| lumbar vertebrae | 5 vertebrae |
| gynecoid | relating to characteristics of a woman |
| open/compound fracture (fx) | fracture projects through the skin and possibility of hemorrhage or infection |
| closed/simple fracture (fx) | completely internal break that does not break the skin |
| rheumat/o | discharge |
| arthr/o | joint |
| arthrocenteis | surgical procedure to remove joint fluid |
| arthroplasty | surgical procedure to repair a joint |
| -scope | instrument for examining |
| calcaneal | pertaining to the heel bone (calcan/e-heel bone) |
| carpal | pertaining to (-al) the wrist bones |
| chondrocostal | pertaining to the rib cartilage |
| cartilage | fibrous connective tissue found at the ends of bone |
| kyphosis | condition where the thoracic curvature becomes exaggerated - hump back |
| ligament | band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone |
| lordosis | condition where the lumbar curvature becomes exaggerated |
| osteoarthritis | inflammation of the bone and joint |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| -graphy | medical imaging |
| humerus | arm bone connecting to the shoulder |
| ulna | arm bone connecting to the humerus on the pinky side |
| radius | arm bone connecting to the humerus on the thumb side |
| femur | thigh bone |
| tibia | shin bone |
| fibula | smaller long bone in lower leg lateral to the tibia |
| tarsals | ankle bones |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| mandible | jaw bone |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| sternum | breast bone |
| circumduction | circular movement of a limb at the far end |
| rotation | CIRCULAR MOVEMENT AROUND AN AXIS |
| flexion | bending a joint |
| extension | straightening a joint |
| male pelvis | funnel shaped, narrow outlet, heavy |
| female pelvis | basin/oval shaped, wider outlet, lighter, wider sacrum |
| spiral fracture | fracture spirals around axis of long bone; results from twisting stress |
| comminuted fracture | fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed |
| functions of bones | support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation |
| tendons | connect muscle to bone |
| ligaments | connect two bones or cartilages together or holds together a joint |
| greenstick fracture | bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children |
| cartilage | A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together. |
| flat bones | bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull |
| long bones | bones of the arms and legs |
| short bones | carpals and tarsals |
| irregular bones | bones of the vertebrae and face, ear |
| Epiphysis | End of a long bone |
| compact bone | Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone |
| cost/o | rib |
| carp/o | wrist bones |
| -itis | inflammation |
| a- | without |
| -plasia | development, formation, growth |
| Achondroplasia | A form of human dwarfism caused by a single dominant allele; the homozygous condition is lethal |
| Osteoarthritis (OA) | inflammation of the bone and joint |
| por- | passage, hole |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joint(s) |
| -osis | condition |
| isch/i | ischium/hip |
| -algia | pain |
| -al | pertaining to |
| meta- | beyond, change |
| -graph | instrument for recording |
| -malacia | softening |
| -tomy | to cut, incision |
| -ectomy | surgical removal, excision |
| radi/o | x-rays |
| cran/i | cranium |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| manibul/o | mandible, lower jaw |
| analgesics | pain relievers (tylenol, motrin, advil etc) |
| Anti inflammatory drugs | Drugs that prevent or limit inflammatory responses to injury or invasion (Motrin, advil, etc) |
| NSAIDS | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-ALEVE |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| Fx | fracture |
