| Question | Answer |
| Othopedics | Medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of skeletal and muscular systems |
| Avascular Necrosis | Death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone, often the femur |
| Osteochondroma | A benign bone tumor that affects males less that 25, the most common benign tumor, and is a bony mass |
| Osteoma | Another benign tumor that happens in middle age, affects the facial bones, and is associated with Gardner Syndrome |
| Osteoid Osteoma | Benign tumor that is found in males, large bones, nighttime pain, and is relieved by NSAID |
| Osteoblastoma | Benign tumor that is identical to Osteoid Osteoma, but is not relieved by NSAID |
| Chondroma | Benign tumor that is found in hands or feet |
| Osteosarcoma | Malignant tumor that is found in young teen males, long honest, associated with retinoblastoma, and sunburst appearance |
| Chondrosarcoma | Malignant tumor that occurs in the medulla of pelvis |
| Ewing sarcoma | Malignant tumor that happens in white boys younger that 1 years old, long bones, onion skin appearance, small blue cells that resemble lymphocytes |
| Chondromalacia Patellae | Abnormal softening of patella because of thinning and uneven wear |
| Fracture | broken bone due to accident, injury, or disease process |
| Greenstick fracture | Occurs in children when bone only breaks on one side, it occurs when bone bends and doesn't break completely |
| Open fracture (compound fracture) | Occurs when a broken bone breaks through overlying skin |
| Colles fracture | Occurs when distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand |
| Compressed fracture | Occurs when cranium is fractured inward toward the brain |
| Osteomalacia | Abnormal softening of bones due to severe deficiency of Vitamin D |
| Osteomyelitis | Infection in the bone and the bone marrow. Infections can travel through bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissue |
| Osteoporosis | Abnormal thinning of bone structure |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | Is chronic inflammation of vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spine. |
| Spondylitis | Inflammation or infection of the vertebrae |
| Kyphosis (humpback) | Abnormal, excessive, posterior curvature of thoracic spine |
| Lordosis (swayback) | Is an abnormal, excessive, anterior curvature of lumbar spine |
| Scoliosis | Abnormal, excessive, S-shaped lateral curvature of spine |
| Arthralgia | Pain in joint from injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes |
| Arthropathy | Disease of joint from any cause |
| Gout | Metabolic disorder with high levels of uric acid in blood |
| Hemarthosis | Blood in joint cavity from blunt trauma or a penetrating wound |
| Osteoarthritis | Chronic inflammatory disease of joints particularly the large weight bearing joints and joints that move repeatedly |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | An autoimmune disease. Acute and chronic inflammatory disease. Usually hands, wrists and knees. Symptoms are mirrored on both sides. Fatigue, weight loss, temperature. |
| Pectus Excavatum | Congenital deformity as the bony thorax in which the sternum is bent forward |
| Genu Valgum | Congenital deformity in which knees are rotated toward the midline and are abnormally close together and lower legs are bent laterally; knock knee |
| Genu Varum | Congenital deformity in where knees are rotated laterally away from each other and lower legs are bent forward midline. Bowleg |
| Hallax Valgus (bunion | Deformity in which great toe is angled laterally toward other toes |
| Talipes equinovarus | congenital deformity in which foot is pulled downward and toward midline; dub foot |
| Arthrography | Dye that is injected into joint |
| Arthrogram | X-ray, CT, MRU image; picture |
| Bone Density Test | Procedure that measures the bone density to detect osteoporosis (DEXA scan) |
| Goniometry | used to measure the angle of a joint and its range of motion (ROM) |
| Goniometer | Instrument used to measure and angle of a joint |
| Orthosis | Orthopedic device such as a brace, splint, or collar. Keeps it straight |
| Prosthesis | Artificial leg for patient |
| Amputation | Removing extremity |
| Arthrocentesis | Remove an accumulation of fluid from injured joint by using needle |
| Arthrodesis | Procedure to fuse together joint |
| Arthroscopy | Arthroscope used to visualize inside joint |
| Arthroscope | Instrument used to examine joint |
| Bone graft | Uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fracture with extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer |
| Allograft | Frozen or freeze-dried bone take from cadaver |
| Autograft | Bone taken from patient's own body |
| Joint Placement Therapy | Procedure to replace joint that has been destroyed by disease of osteoarthritis also known as arthroplasty |
| Analgesic Drug | Medications used to treat pain, can be over-the-counter such as acetaminophen or aspirin |
| Bone resorption drug | Medications that inhibit osteoclasts from breaking down bone to prevent and treat osteoporosis |
| Corticosteroid | Medications that decrease severe inflammation |
| Gold Compound Drugs | Medications that inhibit the autoimmune response that attacks joints and connective tissue with rheumatoid arthritis |
| AKA | Above the Knee Amputation |
| BKA | Below the Knee Amputation |
| DJD | Degenerative Joint Disease |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| ORIF | Open reduction and internal fixation (procedure to treat a compound fracture) |
| RA | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| ROM | Range Of Motion |
| THR | Total Hip Replacement |
