| Term | Definition |
| A | aerosol |
| B | Bait |
| C | Concentrate |
| D | Dust |
| DF | Dry Flowbles |
| E or EC | Emulsifiable Concentrate |
| F or L | Flowable or Liquid |
| G | Granule |
| GL | Gel |
| M | Microencapsulated |
| P | Pellets |
| RTU | Ready to Use |
| S | Solution |
| SG | Soluble Granule |
| ULV | Ultra Low Volume |
| W or WP | Wettable Powder |
| WDG or DG | Water-dispersible Granules |
| WSP | Water-soluble powder or packet |
| Emulsifiable Concetrates Advantages | 1. Easy to handle, transport and store
2. Little agitation required - will not settle out
3. Not Abrasive
4. Will not plug screens or nozzles
5. Little visible residue on treated surfaces |
| Emulsifiable Concetrates Disadvantages | 1. High concentration of active ingredients makes it easy to overdose or underdose through mixing or calibration
2. May cause damage to desirable plants (phytotoxicity) |
| Emulsifiable Concetrates Disadvantages | 3. Solvents may cause rubber/ plastic hoses, gaskets, pump parts and surfaces to deteriorate
4. May cause pitting or discoloration of painted finishes |
| Emulsifiable Concetrates | contains liquid active ingredient, one or more petroleum solvents and an agent (emulsifier) that allows the formulation to be mixed with water to form an emulsion |
| Solution (S) | is formed when the pesticide is mixed with the liquid solvent (carrier). Once mixed, a true Solution does not require agitation to keep parts from settleling |
| Ready - to - Use Low - Concetrate solutions (RTU) | Low-concentrate formulations are ready to use and require no further dilution before application: often consist of 1% or less per unit volume |
| RTU Advantages | 1. Usually do not stain fabrics or have unpleasant odors
2. Useful for structural pests and household use |
| RTU Disadvantages | 1. High Cost per unit of active ingredient
2. Many organic solvents are harmful to leaves |
| Ultra - Low Volume (ULV) | designed to be used AS IS or diluted with only small quantities of a carrier ; no more than 1/2 gallon per acre |
| ULV Advantages | 1. Relatively easy to handle, transport and store
2. Little agitation required
3. Not abrasive to equipment
4. Will not plug screens or nozzles
5. Little visible residue on treated surfaces |
| ULV Disadvantages | 1. Difficult to keep pesticide on target; high drift hazard
2. Specialized equip. required
3. Easily absorbed through skin |
| ULV Disadvantages | 4. Solvents may cause rubber/ plastic hoses, gaskets, pump parts and surfaces to deteriorate
5. Calibration and application must be done carefully due to high concentration |
| Invert Emulsion | water soluble pesticide dispersed in an oil carrier Example: right of way |
| Flowables (F)/Liquids (L) | when active ingredient is INSOLUBLE in water and oil; ingredient is finely ground and mixed with liquid to form a suspension |
| F Advantages | 1. Seldom clog nozzles
2. Easy to handle and apply |
| F Disadvantages | 1. Requires moderate agitation |
| A Advantages | 1. Ready to use
2. Portable
3. Easily stored
4.Convenient way to buy small amount of pesticide
5.Retain potency over fairly long time |
| A Disadvantages | 1. Practical for only very limited uses
2. Risk of inhalation injury
3. Hazardous if punctured or around fire
4. Difficult to confine to target site or pest |
| Physical Incompatibility | Occurs when the products do not stay uniformly mixed in the spray tank; may form putty or past or cottage cheese looking mixture |
| Chemical Incompatibility | Occurs when mixing certain pesticides alters activity of one or more of them; chemical reaction takes place |
| Compatibile Pesticides | mixed and applied WITHOUT
1. Changing the effectiveness
2. Changing the characteristics of any of the pesticides
3. Causing undesirable damage to the application site |
| Jar Test Order of Mix | 1. Dry formulations - (WP), (DF), (WDG)
2. Liquids - (F), (L), (ME), (S), (SP)
3. Surfactants/Adjuvants
4. Emulsion products - (EC) |
| Jar Test Time for mixture to stand | 15 min. or longer |
