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Chapter 4

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Created by: sdolic

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Medical Terminology: Root Words

Levenscyclus M1

Term	Definition
costalgia kaws-TAL-jah	rib pain
metatarsalgia meh-tah-tar-SAL-jah	pain in the bones of the foot
ostalgia aws-TAL-jah	bone pain
osteodynia aws-tee-oh-DIH-nee-ah	bone pain
spondylodynia spawn-dih-loh-DIH-nee-ah	vertebra pain
tibialgia tih-bee-AL-ja	tibia (shin) pain
ankylosis an-kih-LOH-sis	joint stiffness
arthralgia ar-THRAL-jah	joint pain
arthrodynia ar-throh-DIH-nee-ah	joint pain
cervicodynia sir-vih-koh-DAI-nee-ah	neck pain
crepitation kreh-pih-TAY-shun	a crackling sound heard in joints
genu valgum JEH-noo VAL-gum	knock-kneed
genu varum JEH-noo VAH-rum	bowlegged
bradykinesia bray-dih-kih-NEE-zhah	slow movement
dyskinesia dis-kih-NEE-zhah	inability to control movement
dystaxia dis-TAK-see-ah	poor coordination
dystonia dis-TOH-nee-ah	poor muscle tone
graphospasm gra-foh-SPAZM	writer’s cramp
hyperkinesia hai-per-kih-NEE-zhah	increase in muscle movement or activity
hypertonia hai-per-TOH-nee-yah	increased muscle tone or tightness
hypokinesia hai-poh-kih-NEE-zhah	decrease in muscle movement or activity
hypotonia hai-poh-TOH-nee-yah	decrease in muscle tone or tightness
myalgia mai-AL-jah	muscle pain
myasthenia mai-as-THEH-nee-ah	muscle weakness
myodynia mai-oh-DAI-nee-ah	muscle pain
myospasm mai-oh-SPAZ-um	muscle spasm
tenalgia ten-AL-jah	tendon pain
arthrocentesis ar-throh-sin-TEE-sis	puncture of a joint
arthroscope AR-throh-skohp	instrument for looking into a joint
arthroscopy ar-THRAW-skoh-pee	procedure of looking into a joint
electromyogram eh-lek-troh-MAI-o-gram	a record of the electrical activity of a muscle
electromyography eh-LEK-troh-mai-AW-grah-fee	procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle
myography mai-AW-grah-fee	procedure for studying muscles
arthrogram AR-throh-gram	visual record of a joint
arthrography ar-THRAW-grah-fee	procedure used to examine a joint
computed axial tomography (CAT or CT) kom-PYOO-ted AK-see-al taw-MAW-grah-fee	imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis
kyphosis kai-FOH-sis	humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine
lordosis lor-DOH-sis	sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine
scoliosis SKOH-lee-OH-sis	crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
carpitis kar-PAI-tis	wrist inflammation
craniomalacia kray-nee-oh-mah-LAY-shah	softening of the skull
exostosis eks-aws-TOH-sis	an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone
fracture FRAK-shur	a bone break
osteodystrophy aws-tee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee	poor bone development
osteolysis aw-stee-AW-lih-sis	bone loss
osteonecrosis aw-stee-oh-nih-KROH-sis	death of bone
osteosclerosis aw-stee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis	abnormal hardening of bone
polydactyly paw-lee-DAK-tih-lee	having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes)
spondylitis spawn-dih-LAI-tis	vertebra inflammation
spondylomalacia spawn-dih-loh-mah-LAY-shah	softening of the vertebra
syndactyly sin-DAK-tih-lee	fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes)
tarsoptosis tar-sawp-TOH-sis	flat feet
bursolith BIR-soh-lith	a stone in a bursa
effusion ee-FYOO-zhun	fluid buildup
hemarthrosis hee-mar-THROH-sis	blood in a joint
hydrarthrosis hai-drar-THROH-sis	water (fluid) in a joint
pyarthrosis pai-ar-THROH-sis	pus in a joint
atrophy A-troh-fee	underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue
hypertrophy hai-PER-troh-fee	overdevelopment of muscle tissue
myocele MAI-oh-seel	hernia of muscle tissue
myolysis mai-AW-lih-sis	loss of muscle tissue
myomalacia mai-oh-mah-LAY-shah	softening of a muscle
myosclerosis mai-oh-skleh-ROH-sis	hardening of a muscle
myotasis mai-AW-tah-sis	stretching of a muscle
myotonia mai-oh-TOH-nee-ah	muscle tone
ankylosing spondylitis an-kih-LOH-sing spawn-dih-LAI-tis	a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae
chondro-osteodystrophy KAWN-droh-AW-stee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee	poor development of bones and cartilage
craniosynostosis KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-aw-STOH-sis	the premature fusing of the skull bones
dactylitis DAK-tih-LAI-tis	finger inflammation
hypertrophic spondylitis HAI-per-TROH-fik spon-dih-LAI-tis	overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation
osteitis AW-stee-AI-tis	bone inflammation
osteochondritis AW-stee-oh-kon-DRAI-tis	inflammation of bone and cartilage
osteogenesis imperfecta AW-stee-oh-JIN-eh-sis IM-per-FEK-tah	a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease
osteomalacia AW-stee-oh-mah-LAY-shah	softening of the bone
osteomyelitis AW-stee-oh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis	inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
osteopathy AW-stee-AW-pah-thee	bone disease
osteopenia AW-stee-oh-PEE-nee-yah	reduction in bone volume
osteoporosis AW-stee-oh-por-OH-sis	loss of bone density
spinal stenosis SPAI-nal stih-NOH-sis	abnormal narrowing of the spine
spondyloarthropathy SPAWN-dih-loh-ar-THRAW-pah-thee	joint disease of the vertebrae
spondylolisthesis SPAWN-dih-loh-lis-THEE-sis	the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra
spondylolysis SPAWN-dih-LO-li-sis	loss of vertebra structure
spondylosis SPAWN-dih-LOH-sis	vertebra condition
arthritis ar-THRAI-tis	joint inflammation
rheumatoid arthritis ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRAI-tis	inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever
septic arthritis SEP-tik ar-THRAI-tis	inflammation of the joint caused by infection
osteoarthritis AW-stee-oh-ar-THRAI-tis	inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight
arthrocele AR-throh-seel	hernia of a joint
arthrodysplasia AR-throh-dis-PLAY-zhah	abnormal joint development
arthropathy ar-THRAW-pah-thee	joint disease
arthrosclerosis AR-throh-skleh-ROH-sis	hardening of the joints
bursitis bur-SAI-tis	inflammation of the bursa
bursopathy bur-SAW-pah-thee	disease of the bursa
subluxation sub-luk-SAY-shun	partial dislocation of a joint
achondroplasia AY-kawn-droh-PLAY-zhah	a defect in the formation of cartilage
chondromalacia KAWN-droh-mah-LAY-shah	abnormal softening of the cartilage
costochondritis KAW-stoh-kawn-DRAI-tis	inflammation of the cartilage of the rib
fasciitis FA-shee-AI-tis	inflammation of the fascia
muscular dystrophy MUS-kyoo-lar DIS-troh-fee	disorder characterized by poor muscle development
myoclonus MAI-oh-KLAWN-us	violent muscle contraction
myopathy mai-AW-pah-thee	muscle disease
myasthenia MAI-as-THEE-nee-ah	muscle weakness
myofasciitis MAI-oh-FA-shee-AI-tis	inflammation of muscle and fascia
myositis MAI-oh-SAI-tis	muscle inflammation
necrotizing fasciitis NEH-kroh-TAI-zing FA-shee-AI-tis	inflammation of the fascia, causing the death of tissue
polymyositis PAW-lee-MAI-oh-SAI-tis	inflammation of multiple muscles
tardive dyskinesia TAR-div DIS-kin-EE-zhah	condition characterized by the loss of muscle control
tendinitis TEN-dih-NAI-tis	tendon inflammation
tendonitis TEN-dah-NAI-tis	tendon inflammation
chondroma kawn-DROH-mah	a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue
myoma mai-OH-mah	a muscle tumor
myosarcoma MAI-oh-sar-KOH-mah	a cancerous muscle tumor
osteocarcinoma AW-stee-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-mah	bone cancer tumor
osteochondroma AW-stee-oh-kon-DROH-mah	a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage
osteosarcoma AW-stee-oh-sar-KOH-mah	cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells
analgesic A-nal-JEE-zik	a drug that relieves pain
antiarthritic AN-tee-ar-THRIH-tik	a drug that opposes joint inflammation
anti-inflammatory AN-tee-in-FLA-mah-TOR-ee	a drug that opposes inflammation
antipyretic AN-tee-pir-ih-tik	a drug that opposes fever
carpectomy kar-PEK-toh-mee	removal of all or part of the wrist
costectomy kaws-TEK-toh-mee	removal of a rib
craniectomy KRAY-nee-EK-toh-mee	removal of a portion of the skull
craniotomy KRAY-nee-AW-toh-mee	removal of a portion of the skull
external fixation EKS-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun	the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (i.e., using casts, splints, stabilizers)
internal fixation IN-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun	the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (i.e., using screws, pins, plates)
closed reduction klohzd ree-DUK-shun	returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery
open reduction OH-pen ree-DUK-shun	returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery
metacarpectomy MEH-tah-kar-PEK-toh-mee	removal of a bone in the hand
orthotics or-THAW-tiks	a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body
ostectomy aws-TEK-toh-mee	removal of a bone
osteectomy aws-tee-EK-toh-mee	removal of a bone
osteoclasia AWS-tee-oh-KLAY-zhah	the surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity)
osteoplasty AWS-tee-oh-PLAS-tee	reconstruction of a bone
osteotomy AWS-tee-AW-toh-mee	incision into a bone
prosthesis praws-THEE-sis	a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function
spondylosyndesis SPAWN-dih-loh-sin-DEE-sis	fusing together of multiple vertebrae
sternotomy stir-NAW-toh-mee	incision into the sternum
tarsectomy tar-SEK-toh-mee	removal of all or a portion of the ankle
tarsoclasia TAR-soh-KLAY-zhah	surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e., to treat clubfoot)
arthrectomy ar-THREK-toh-mee	removal of a joint
arthroclasia AR-throh-KLAY-zhah	the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility
arthrodesis AR-throh-DEE-sis	surgical fixation of a joint
arthrolysis ar-THRAW-lih-sis	loosening a stiff joint
arthroplasty AR-throh-PLAS-tee	reconstruction of a joint
arthrotomy ar-THRAW-toh-mee	incision into a joint
bursectomy bir-SEK-toh-mee	removal of a bursa
bursotomy bir-SAW-toh-mee	incision into a bursa
chondrectomy kawn-DREK-toh-mee	removal of cartilage
chondroplasty KAWN-droh-PLAS-tee	reconstruction of cartilage
fasciectomy FA-shee-EK-toh-mee	removal of fascia
fasciodesis FA-shoh-DEE-sis	binding of fascia
fascioplasty FA-shoh-PLAS-tee	reconstruction of fascia
fasciorrhaphy fah-SHOR-ah-fee	suturing of fascia
fasciotomy FA-shee-AW-toh-mee	incision into fascia
myectomy mai-EK-toh-mee	removal of muscle
myodesis MAI-oh-DEE-sis	binding of a muscle
myomectomy MAI-oh-MEK-toh-mee	removal of a muscle tumor
myoplasty MAI-oh-PLAS-tee	muscle reconstruction
myorrhaphy mai-OR-ah-fee	muscle suture
myotomy mai-AW-toh-mee	incision into muscle
tendectomy ten-DEK-toh-mee	removal of a tendon
tendoplasty TEN-doh-PLAS-tee	reconstruction of a tendon
tenodesis TEN-oh-DEE-sis	binding of a tendon
tenolysis ten-AW-lih-sis	freeing/loosening a tendon
tenonectomy TEN-oh-NEK-toh-mee	removal of a tendon
tenoplasty TEN-oh-PLAS-tee	reconstruction of a tendon
tenorrhaphy ten-OR-ah-fee	suture of a tendon
tenotomy ten-AW-toh-mee	incision into a tendon
ACL	anterior cruciate ligament
MCL	medial collateral ligament
LCL	lateral collateral ligament
PCL	posterior cruciate ligament
C1–C7	cervical (of the neck) vertebrae
T1–T12	thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae
L1–L5	lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae
S1–S5	sacral vertebrae
DTR	deep tendon reflexes (this is what doctors are testing when they tap the knee with a reflex hammer)
EMG	electromyogram
FROM	full range of motion
NSAID	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OA	osteoarthritis
ORIF	open reduction internal fixation
PT	physical therapy
RA	rheumatoid arthritis
RICE	rest, ice, compression, elevation
ROM	range of motion
WB	weight bearing
WBAT	weight bearing as tolerated