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Chapter 4
Acquiring Medical Language 2nd Edition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| costalgia kaws-TAL-jah | rib pain |
| metatarsalgia meh-tah-tar-SAL-jah | pain in the bones of the foot |
| ostalgia aws-TAL-jah | bone pain |
| osteodynia aws-tee-oh-DIH-nee-ah | bone pain |
| spondylodynia spawn-dih-loh-DIH-nee-ah | vertebra pain |
| tibialgia tih-bee-AL-ja | tibia (shin) pain |
| ankylosis an-kih-LOH-sis | joint stiffness |
| arthralgia ar-THRAL-jah | joint pain |
| arthrodynia ar-throh-DIH-nee-ah | joint pain |
| cervicodynia sir-vih-koh-DAI-nee-ah | neck pain |
| crepitation kreh-pih-TAY-shun | a crackling sound heard in joints |
| genu valgum JEH-noo VAL-gum | knock-kneed |
| genu varum JEH-noo VAH-rum | bowlegged |
| bradykinesia bray-dih-kih-NEE-zhah | slow movement |
| dyskinesia dis-kih-NEE-zhah | inability to control movement |
| dystaxia dis-TAK-see-ah | poor coordination |
| dystonia dis-TOH-nee-ah | poor muscle tone |
| graphospasm gra-foh-SPAZM | writer’s cramp |
| hyperkinesia hai-per-kih-NEE-zhah | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| hypertonia hai-per-TOH-nee-yah | increased muscle tone or tightness |
| hypokinesia hai-poh-kih-NEE-zhah | decrease in muscle movement or activity |
| hypotonia hai-poh-TOH-nee-yah | decrease in muscle tone or tightness |
| myalgia mai-AL-jah | muscle pain |
| myasthenia mai-as-THEH-nee-ah | muscle weakness |
| myodynia mai-oh-DAI-nee-ah | muscle pain |
| myospasm mai-oh-SPAZ-um | muscle spasm |
| tenalgia ten-AL-jah | tendon pain |
| arthrocentesis ar-throh-sin-TEE-sis | puncture of a joint |
| arthroscope AR-throh-skohp | instrument for looking into a joint |
| arthroscopy ar-THRAW-skoh-pee | procedure of looking into a joint |
| electromyogram eh-lek-troh-MAI-o-gram | a record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
| electromyography eh-LEK-troh-mai-AW-grah-fee | procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle |
| myography mai-AW-grah-fee | procedure for studying muscles |
| arthrogram AR-throh-gram | visual record of a joint |
| arthrography ar-THRAW-grah-fee | procedure used to examine a joint |
| computed axial tomography (CAT or CT) kom-PYOO-ted AK-see-al taw-MAW-grah-fee | imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
| kyphosis kai-FOH-sis | humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine |
| lordosis lor-DOH-sis | sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine |
| scoliosis SKOH-lee-OH-sis | crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| carpitis kar-PAI-tis | wrist inflammation |
| craniomalacia kray-nee-oh-mah-LAY-shah | softening of the skull |
| exostosis eks-aws-TOH-sis | an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone |
| fracture FRAK-shur | a bone break |
| osteodystrophy aws-tee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee | poor bone development |
| osteolysis aw-stee-AW-lih-sis | bone loss |
| osteonecrosis aw-stee-oh-nih-KROH-sis | death of bone |
| osteosclerosis aw-stee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis | abnormal hardening of bone |
| polydactyly paw-lee-DAK-tih-lee | having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes) |
| spondylitis spawn-dih-LAI-tis | vertebra inflammation |
| spondylomalacia spawn-dih-loh-mah-LAY-shah | softening of the vertebra |
| syndactyly sin-DAK-tih-lee | fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes) |
| tarsoptosis tar-sawp-TOH-sis | flat feet |
| bursolith BIR-soh-lith | a stone in a bursa |
| effusion ee-FYOO-zhun | fluid buildup |
| hemarthrosis hee-mar-THROH-sis | blood in a joint |
| hydrarthrosis hai-drar-THROH-sis | water (fluid) in a joint |
| pyarthrosis pai-ar-THROH-sis | pus in a joint |
| atrophy A-troh-fee | underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue |
| hypertrophy hai-PER-troh-fee | overdevelopment of muscle tissue |
| myocele MAI-oh-seel | hernia of muscle tissue |
| myolysis mai-AW-lih-sis | loss of muscle tissue |
| myomalacia mai-oh-mah-LAY-shah | softening of a muscle |
| myosclerosis mai-oh-skleh-ROH-sis | hardening of a muscle |
| myotasis mai-AW-tah-sis | stretching of a muscle |
| myotonia mai-oh-TOH-nee-ah | muscle tone |
| ankylosing spondylitis an-kih-LOH-sing spawn-dih-LAI-tis | a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
| chondro-osteodystrophy KAWN-droh-AW-stee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee | poor development of bones and cartilage |
| craniosynostosis KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-aw-STOH-sis | the premature fusing of the skull bones |
| dactylitis DAK-tih-LAI-tis | finger inflammation |
| hypertrophic spondylitis HAI-per-TROH-fik spon-dih-LAI-tis | overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation |
| osteitis AW-stee-AI-tis | bone inflammation |
| osteochondritis AW-stee-oh-kon-DRAI-tis | inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| osteogenesis imperfecta AW-stee-oh-JIN-eh-sis IM-per-FEK-tah | a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease |
| osteomalacia AW-stee-oh-mah-LAY-shah | softening of the bone |
| osteomyelitis AW-stee-oh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| osteopathy AW-stee-AW-pah-thee | bone disease |
| osteopenia AW-stee-oh-PEE-nee-yah | reduction in bone volume |
| osteoporosis AW-stee-oh-por-OH-sis | loss of bone density |
| spinal stenosis SPAI-nal stih-NOH-sis | abnormal narrowing of the spine |
| spondyloarthropathy SPAWN-dih-loh-ar-THRAW-pah-thee | joint disease of the vertebrae |
| spondylolisthesis SPAWN-dih-loh-lis-THEE-sis | the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra |
| spondylolysis SPAWN-dih-LO-li-sis | loss of vertebra structure |
| spondylosis SPAWN-dih-LOH-sis | vertebra condition |
| arthritis ar-THRAI-tis | joint inflammation |
| rheumatoid arthritis ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRAI-tis | inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever |
| septic arthritis SEP-tik ar-THRAI-tis | inflammation of the joint caused by infection |
| osteoarthritis AW-stee-oh-ar-THRAI-tis | inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight |
| arthrocele AR-throh-seel | hernia of a joint |
| arthrodysplasia AR-throh-dis-PLAY-zhah | abnormal joint development |
| arthropathy ar-THRAW-pah-thee | joint disease |
| arthrosclerosis AR-throh-skleh-ROH-sis | hardening of the joints |
| bursitis bur-SAI-tis | inflammation of the bursa |
| bursopathy bur-SAW-pah-thee | disease of the bursa |
| subluxation sub-luk-SAY-shun | partial dislocation of a joint |
| achondroplasia AY-kawn-droh-PLAY-zhah | a defect in the formation of cartilage |
| chondromalacia KAWN-droh-mah-LAY-shah | abnormal softening of the cartilage |
| costochondritis KAW-stoh-kawn-DRAI-tis | inflammation of the cartilage of the rib |
| fasciitis FA-shee-AI-tis | inflammation of the fascia |
| muscular dystrophy MUS-kyoo-lar DIS-troh-fee | disorder characterized by poor muscle development |
| myoclonus MAI-oh-KLAWN-us | violent muscle contraction |
| myopathy mai-AW-pah-thee | muscle disease |
| myasthenia MAI-as-THEE-nee-ah | muscle weakness |
| myofasciitis MAI-oh-FA-shee-AI-tis | inflammation of muscle and fascia |
| myositis MAI-oh-SAI-tis | muscle inflammation |
| necrotizing fasciitis NEH-kroh-TAI-zing FA-shee-AI-tis | inflammation of the fascia, causing the death of tissue |
| polymyositis PAW-lee-MAI-oh-SAI-tis | inflammation of multiple muscles |
| tardive dyskinesia TAR-div DIS-kin-EE-zhah | condition characterized by the loss of muscle control |
| tendinitis TEN-dih-NAI-tis | tendon inflammation |
| tendonitis TEN-dah-NAI-tis | tendon inflammation |
| chondroma kawn-DROH-mah | a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue |
| myoma mai-OH-mah | a muscle tumor |
| myosarcoma MAI-oh-sar-KOH-mah | a cancerous muscle tumor |
| osteocarcinoma AW-stee-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-mah | bone cancer tumor |
| osteochondroma AW-stee-oh-kon-DROH-mah | a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage |
| osteosarcoma AW-stee-oh-sar-KOH-mah | cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells |
| analgesic A-nal-JEE-zik | a drug that relieves pain |
| antiarthritic AN-tee-ar-THRIH-tik | a drug that opposes joint inflammation |
| anti-inflammatory AN-tee-in-FLA-mah-TOR-ee | a drug that opposes inflammation |
| antipyretic AN-tee-pir-ih-tik | a drug that opposes fever |
| carpectomy kar-PEK-toh-mee | removal of all or part of the wrist |
| costectomy kaws-TEK-toh-mee | removal of a rib |
| craniectomy KRAY-nee-EK-toh-mee | removal of a portion of the skull |
| craniotomy KRAY-nee-AW-toh-mee | removal of a portion of the skull |
| external fixation EKS-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun | the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (i.e., using casts, splints, stabilizers) |
| internal fixation IN-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun | the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (i.e., using screws, pins, plates) |
| closed reduction klohzd ree-DUK-shun | returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery |
| open reduction OH-pen ree-DUK-shun | returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery |
| metacarpectomy MEH-tah-kar-PEK-toh-mee | removal of a bone in the hand |
| orthotics or-THAW-tiks | a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body |
| ostectomy aws-TEK-toh-mee | removal of a bone |
| osteectomy aws-tee-EK-toh-mee | removal of a bone |
| osteoclasia AWS-tee-oh-KLAY-zhah | the surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity) |
| osteoplasty AWS-tee-oh-PLAS-tee | reconstruction of a bone |
| osteotomy AWS-tee-AW-toh-mee | incision into a bone |
| prosthesis praws-THEE-sis | a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function |
| spondylosyndesis SPAWN-dih-loh-sin-DEE-sis | fusing together of multiple vertebrae |
| sternotomy stir-NAW-toh-mee | incision into the sternum |
| tarsectomy tar-SEK-toh-mee | removal of all or a portion of the ankle |
| tarsoclasia TAR-soh-KLAY-zhah | surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e., to treat clubfoot) |
| arthrectomy ar-THREK-toh-mee | removal of a joint |
| arthroclasia AR-throh-KLAY-zhah | the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility |
| arthrodesis AR-throh-DEE-sis | surgical fixation of a joint |
| arthrolysis ar-THRAW-lih-sis | loosening a stiff joint |
| arthroplasty AR-throh-PLAS-tee | reconstruction of a joint |
| arthrotomy ar-THRAW-toh-mee | incision into a joint |
| bursectomy bir-SEK-toh-mee | removal of a bursa |
| bursotomy bir-SAW-toh-mee | incision into a bursa |
| chondrectomy kawn-DREK-toh-mee | removal of cartilage |
| chondroplasty KAWN-droh-PLAS-tee | reconstruction of cartilage |
| fasciectomy FA-shee-EK-toh-mee | removal of fascia |
| fasciodesis FA-shoh-DEE-sis | binding of fascia |
| fascioplasty FA-shoh-PLAS-tee | reconstruction of fascia |
| fasciorrhaphy fah-SHOR-ah-fee | suturing of fascia |
| fasciotomy FA-shee-AW-toh-mee | incision into fascia |
| myectomy mai-EK-toh-mee | removal of muscle |
| myodesis MAI-oh-DEE-sis | binding of a muscle |
| myomectomy MAI-oh-MEK-toh-mee | removal of a muscle tumor |
| myoplasty MAI-oh-PLAS-tee | muscle reconstruction |
| myorrhaphy mai-OR-ah-fee | muscle suture |
| myotomy mai-AW-toh-mee | incision into muscle |
| tendectomy ten-DEK-toh-mee | removal of a tendon |
| tendoplasty TEN-doh-PLAS-tee | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tenodesis TEN-oh-DEE-sis | binding of a tendon |
| tenolysis ten-AW-lih-sis | freeing/loosening a tendon |
| tenonectomy TEN-oh-NEK-toh-mee | removal of a tendon |
| tenoplasty TEN-oh-PLAS-tee | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tenorrhaphy ten-OR-ah-fee | suture of a tendon |
| tenotomy ten-AW-toh-mee | incision into a tendon |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| MCL | medial collateral ligament |
| LCL | lateral collateral ligament |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
| C1–C7 | cervical (of the neck) vertebrae |
| T1–T12 | thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae |
| L1–L5 | lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae |
| S1–S5 | sacral vertebrae |
| DTR | deep tendon reflexes (this is what doctors are testing when they tap the knee with a reflex hammer) |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| FROM | full range of motion |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| ORIF | open reduction internal fixation |
| PT | physical therapy |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RICE | rest, ice, compression, elevation |
| ROM | range of motion |
| WB | weight bearing |
| WBAT | weight bearing as tolerated |
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