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Chapter 6

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Created by: sdolic

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Medical Terminology: Root Words

Levenscyclus M1

Term	Definition
ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o	eye
lacrim/o, dacry/o	tear
-opia, -opsia	vision condition
blephar/o	eyelid
corne/o, kerat/o	cornea
conjunctiv/o	conjunctiva
scler/o	sclera (the white of the eye)
vitre/o	vitreous liquid (also called vitreous humor)
cycl/o	ciliary body
retin/o	retina
ir/o, irid/o	iris
phac/o, phak/o	lens
aur/o, ot/o	ear
acous/o, audi/o	sound, hearing
-acusis	hearing condition
cerumin/o	ear wax
salping/o	eustachian tube
tympan/o, myring/o	eardrum
mastoid/o	mastoid process
labyrinth/o	labyrinth
vestibul/o	vestibule
cochle/o	cochlea
akinetopsia uh-KEE-nah-TOP-see-ah	inability to see objects in motion
ambiopia AM-bee-OH-pee-ah	double vision
amblyopia AM-blih-OH-pee-ah	decreased vision; when it occurs in one eye, it is referred to as lazy eye
asthenopia AS-then-OH-pee-ah	weak vision
diplopia dih-PLOH-pee-ah	double vision
hemianopsia HEH-mee-an-OP-see-ah	blindness in half the visual field
hyperopia HAI-per-OH-pee-ah	farsightedness
myopia mai-OH-pee-ah	nearsightedness
presbyopia PREZ-bee-OH-pee-ah	decreased vision caused by old age
scotopia skaw-TOH-pee-ah	adjustment of the eye to seeing in darkness
blepharoplegia BLEF-ah-roh-PLEE-jah	paralysis of the eyelid
blepharospasm BLEF-ah-roh-SPAZ-um	involuntary contraction of an eyelid
dacryoadenalgia DAK-ree-oh-AD-en-AL-jah	pain in the tear gland
dacryocystalgia DAK-ree-oh-sis-TAL-jah	pain in the tear sac
dacryohemorrhea DAK-ree-oh-HIM-oh-REE-ah	blood in the tears
dacryorrhea DAK-ree-oh-REE-ah	excessive tearing
ophthalmalgia awf-thal-MAL-jah	eye pain
ophthalmoplegia awf-THAL-moh-PLEE-jah	eye paralysis
xerophthalmia ZER-off-THAL-mee-ah	dry eyes
astigmatism ah-STIG-mah-TIZ-um	vision problem caused by the fact that light rays entering the eye aren’t focused on a single point in the back of the eye
corneal xerosis KOR-nee-al ZER-oh-sis	dryness of the cornea
keratalgia KEH-rah-TAL-jah	pain in the cornea
cycloplegia SAI-kloh-PLEE-jah	paralysis of the ciliary body
iridalgia IH-rid-AL-jah	pain in the iris
miosis mai-OH-sis	abnormal contraction of the pupil
mydriasis mi-DRAI-ah-sis	abnormal dilation of pupil
scotoma skaw-TOH-mah	dark spot in the visual field
hyperacusis HAI-per-ah-KOO-sis	excessively sensitive hearing
hypoacusis HAI-poh-ah-KOO-sis	excessively insensitive hearing
osteoacusis AW-stee-oh-ah-KOO-sis	hearing through bone
presbycusis PREZ-bih-KOO-sis	loss of hearing in old age
mastoidalgia MAS-toid-AL-jah	pain in the mastoid
otalgia oh-TAL-jah	ear pain
otodynia OH-toh-DAI-nee-ah	ear pain
otorrhea OH-toh-REE-ah	discharge from the ear
tinnitus tih-NAI-tis	ringing in the ears
vertigo VER-tih-goh	sensation of moving through space (while stationary)
ophthalmoscope awf-THAL-mah-SKOHP	instrument for looking at the eye
optomyometer AWP-toh-MAI-oh-MEE-tir	device used to determine the strength of eye muscles
phacoscope FAY-koh-SKOHP	instrument for looking at the lens
retinoscope RET-in-aw-SKOP	instrument for looking at the retina
retinoscopy RET-in-AWS-koh-pee	procedure for looking at the retina
tonometer TOH-naw-MEE-tir	instrument for measuring tension or pressure in the eye
binocular bai-NAW-kyoo-lar	pertaining to both eyes
iridokinesis IR-ih-doh-kin-EE-sis	the movement of the iris
lacrimation LAH-krih-MAY-shun	formation of tears
nasolacrimal NAY-zoh-LAH-krih-mal	pertaining to the nose and tear system
ophthalmic awf-THAL-mik	pertaining to the eye
ophthalmologist AWF-thal-MAW-loh-jist	eye specialist
optic AWP-tik	pertaining to the eye
optokinetic AWP-toh-kih-NEH-tik	pertaining to eye movement
optometrist awp-TAW-meh-trist	specialist in measuring the eye
retinal REH-tih-nal	pertaining to the retina
blepharedema BLEF-ar-eh-DEE-mah	eyelid swelling
blepharoptosis BLEF-ar-awp-TOH-sis	drooping eyelid
blepharopyorrhea BLEF-ah-roh-PAI-oh-REE-ah	discharge of pus from the eyelid
dacryolith DAK-ree-oh-lith	hard formation (stone) in the tear system
dacryopyorrhea DAK-ree-oh-pai-REE-ah	discharge of pus in tears
ectropion ek-TROH-pee-on	outward turning of the eyelid, away from the eye
entropion en-TROH-pee-on	inward turning of the eyelid, toward the eye
exophthalmus EKS-of-THAL-mus	protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket
nystagmus nih-STAG-mus	involuntary back-and-forth movement of the eyes
strabismus struh-BIZ-mus	condition where the eyes deviate when looking at the same object
esotropia AY-soh-TROH-pee-ah	inward turning of the eye, toward the nose
exotropia EK-soh-TROH-pee-ah	outward turning of the eye, away from the nose
keratomalacia ker-AH-toh-mah-LAY-shah	abnormal softening of the cornea
pterygium ter-IH-jee-um	winglike growth of conjunctival tissue extending to the cornea
scleromalacia SKLEH-roh-mah-LAY-shah	abnormal softening of the sclera
papilledema PAH-pil-ah-DEE-mah	swelling of the optic nerve where it enters the retina
phacomalacia FAH-koh-mah-LAY-shah	abnormal softening of the lens
phacosclerosis FAH-koh-skleh-ROH-sis	abnormal hardening of the lens
audiogram AW-dee-oh-GRAM	record produced by an audiometer
audiometer aw-dee-AW-meh-ter	instrument for measuring hearing
audiometry aw-dee-AW-meh-tree	procedure for measuring hearing
otoscope OH-toh-SKOHP	instrument for looking in the ear
otoscopy oh-TAW-skoh-pee	procedure for examining the ear
pneumatic otoscopy noo-MA-tik oh-TAW-skoh-pee	procedure for examining the ear using air
salpingoscope sal-PING-goh-skohp	instrument for examining the eustachian tubes
tympanometry tim-pan-AW-meh-tree	procedure for measuring the eardrum
audiologist aw-dee-AW-loh-jist	hearing specialist
aural AW-ral	pertaining to the ear
otolaryngologist OH-toh-LAH-rin-GAW-loh-jist	specialist in the ear and throat
otoneurologist OH-toh-nih-RAW-loh-jist	specialist in the nerve connections between the ear and brain
otorhinolaryngologist OH-toh-RAI-noh-LAH-rin-GAW-loh-jist	specialist in the ear, nose, and throat
otosteal oh-TAWS-tee-all	pertaining to the bones of the ear
salpingopharyngeal sal-PING-goh-fah-RIN-jee-al	pertaining to the eustachian tubes and the throat
ceruminoma seh-ROO-min-OH-mah	benign tumor of the cerumen-secreting glands of the ear
ceruminosis seh-ROO-min-OH-sis	excessive formation of ear wax
macrotia mah-KROH-shee-ah	abnormally large ears
microtia mai-KROH-shee-ah	abnormally small ears
otopyorrhea OH-toh-PAI-oh-REE-ah	discharge of pus from the ears
otosclerosis OH-toh-skleh-ROH-sis	hearing loss caused by the hardening of the bones of the middle ear
tympanic perforation tim-PAN-ik per-fer-AY-shun	tear or hole in the eardrum
tympanosclerosis tim-PAN-oh-skleh-ROH-sis	hardening of the eardrum
TM	tympanic membrane
OM	otitis media
ENT	ear, nose, and throat
EENT	eye, ear, nose, and throat
AU	both ears
AS	left ear
AOM	acute otitis media
AD	right ear
OU	both eyes
OS	left eye
OD	right eye
ARMD	age-related macular degeneration
HEENT	head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
IOL	intraocular lens
IOP	intraocular pressure
LASIK	laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
PERRLA	pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation
blepharitis BLEF-ah-RAI-tis	eyelid inflammation
blepharoconjunctivitis BLEF-ah-roh-con-JUNK-tih-VAI-tis	inflammation of the eyelid and conjunctiva
dacryocystitis DAK-ree-oh-sis-TAI-tis	inflammation of the tear sac
dacryoadenitis DAK-ree-oh-AD-en-AI-tis	inflammation of the tear gland
dacryohemorrhea DAK-ree-oh-HEH-moh-REE-ah	discharge of blood in tears
dacryolithiasis DAK-ree-oh-lih-THAI-ah-sis	presence of hard formations (stones) in the tear system
dacryostenosis DAK-ree-oh-steh-NOH-sis	narrowing of the tear duct
glaucoma glaw-KOH-mah	eye disease that causes vision loss by damaging the optic nerve
oculomycosis AW-kyoo-loh-mai-KOH-sis	fungal eye condition
oculopathy AW-kyoo-LAW-pah-thee	eye disease
ophthalmatrophy AWF-thal-MAW-troh-fee	atrophy (wasting away) of the eye
ophthalmitis AWF-thal-MAI-tis	inflammation of the eye
ophthalmomycosis awf-THAL-moh-mai-KOH-sis	fungal eye condition
ophthalmomyitis awf-THAL-moh-mai-AI-tis	inflammation of the eye muscles
ophthalmopathy AWF-thal-MOH-pah-thee	eye disease
trichiasis trih-KAI-ah-sis	condition caused by eyelashes growing backward and coming in contact with the eye
conjunctivitis con-JUNK-tih-VAI-tis	inflammation of the conjunctiva (also known as pink eye)
keratitis KEH-rah-TAI-tis	inflammation of the cornea
keratopathy KEH-rah-TOP-ah-thee	disease of the cornea
sclerectasia SKLER-ek-TAY-zhah	overexpansion of the sclera
scleroiritis SKLER-oh-ai-RAI-tis	inflammation of the sclera and iris
sclerokeratitis SKLER-oh-KEH-rah-TAI-tis	inflammation of the sclera and cornea
sclerokeratoiritis SKLER-oh-KEH-ra-toh-ai-RAI-tis	inflammation of the sclera, cornea, and iris
aniridia AN-ih-RIH-dee-ah	absence of an iris
aphakia ah-FAY-kee-ia	absence of a lens
cataract KAT-ah-RAKT	opacity (cloudiness) of the lens of the eye
corneal abrasion KOR-nee-al a-BRAY-zhun	scratch on the cornea
cyclokeratitis SAI-cloh-keh-rah-TAI-tis	inflammation of the ciliary body and cornea
endophthalmitis EN-dof-thal-MAI-tis	inflammation of the inside of the eye
iridemia EAR-ih-DEE-mee-ah	bleeding from the iris
iridocyclitis EAR-ih-doh-sai-KLAI-tis	inflammation of the iris and ciliary body
iridokeratitis EAR-ih-doh-keh-rah-TAI-tis	inflammation of the iris and cornea
iridopathy EAR-ih-DOP-ah-thee	disease of the iris
iritis ai-RAI-tis	inflammation of the iris
optic neuritis OP-tik nir-AI-tis	inflammation of the optic nerve
phakitis fah-KAI-tis	inflammation of the lens
retinitis REH-tih-NAI-tis	inflammation of the retina
retinopathy REH-tih-NOP-ah-thee	disease of the retina
retinosis REH-tih-NOH-sis	retinal condition
cerumen impaction SEH-roo-men im-PAK-shun	buildup of ear wax blocking ear canal
mastoiditis MAS-toi-DAI-tis	inflammation of the mastoid
otitis externa oh-TAI-tis eks-TERN-nah	inflammation of the outer ear
otomycosis oh-toh-mai-KOH-sis	fungal ear condition
aerotitis AIR-oh-TAI-tis	inflammation of the ear caused by air
conductive hearing loss con-DUK-tiv	hearing loss caused by sound not getting to the middle/inner ear (due to blockages)
myringitis MIR-in-JAI-tis	inflammation of the eardrum
myringodermatitis mir-IN-goh-DER-mah-TAI-tis	inflammation of the eardrum and surrounding skin
myringomycosis mih-IN-goh-mai-KOH-sis	fungal condition of the eardrum
otitis media oh-TAI-tis MEH-dee-ah	inflammation of the middle ear
otosclerosis oh-toh-skleh-ROH-sis	hearing loss caused by the hardening of the bones of the middle ear
rhinosalpingitis RAI-noh-SAL-pin-JAI-tis	inflammation of the nose and eustachian tubes
acoustic neuroma ah-KOO-stik nir-OH-mah	tumor on the acoustic nerve
cochleitis KOH-klee-AI-tis	inflammation of the cochlea
labyrinthitis LAB-uh-rinth-AI-tis	inflammation of the labyrinth
sensorineural hearing loss SEN-sor-ee-NIR-al	hearing loss caused by sound not being transmitted from the inner ear to the brain (due to problems with the sensory organs or nerves)
vestibular neuritis ves-TIH-byoo-lar nir-AI-tis	inflammation of the vestibular nerve
vestibulitis ves-TIH-byoo-LAI-tis	inflammation of the vestibule
blepharoplasty BLEF-ah-roh-PLAS-tee	surgical reconstruction of the eyelid
blepharotomy BLEF-ah-RAW-toh-mee	incision into the eyelid
dacryoadenectomy DAK-ree-oh-AD-en-EK-toh-mee	removal of the tear gland
dacryocystectomy DAK-ree-oh-sis-TEK-toh-mee	removal of the tear sac
dacryocystorhinostomy DAK-ree-oh-SIS-toh-rai-NAWS-toh-mee	creation of an opening between the tear sac and the nose
dacryocystotomy DAK-ree-oh-sis-TAWT-oh-mee	incision into the tear sac
enucleation eh-NOO-clee-AY-shun	removal of an eye
oculoplasty AW-kyoo-loh-PLAS-tee	surgical reconstruction of the eye
ophthalmectomy AWF-thal-MEK-toh-mee	removal of the eye
corneal transplant KOR-nee-al TRANZ-plant	replacement of damaged cornea with donated tissue
keratoplasty ker-A-toh-PLAS-tee	surgical reconstruction of the cornea
keratotomy KER-ah-TAW-toh-mee	incision into the cornea
sclerotomy skler-AW-toh-mee	incision into the sclera
cyclotomy sai-KLAW-toh-mee	incision into the ciliary body
intraocular lens implant IN-trah-AW-kyoo-lar lenz IM-plant	insertion of a new lens inside the eye
iridectomy EAR-id-EK-toh-mee	removal of the iris
iridocyclectomy EAR-ih-doh-sai-KLEK-toh-mee	removal of the iris and ciliary body
iridotomy EAR-id-AW-toh-mee	incision into the iris
phacoemulsification FAY-koh-ee-MUL-sih-fih-KAY-shun	fragmentation of an existing lens in order to remove and replace it
retinopexy reh-TIH-noh-PEK-see	surgical fixation (reattachment) of a retina
retinotomy REH-tih-NAW-toh-mee	incision into the retina
vitrectomy vih-TREK-toh-mee	removal of the vitreous liquid from the eye
auditory prosthesis AW-dih-TOR-ee praws-THEE-sis	hearing aid
ceruminolysis seh-ROO-min-AW-lih-sis	breakdown of ear wax
ear lavage ee-ir lah-VAJ	rinsing/washing the external ear canal
mastoidectomy MAS-toy-DEK-toh-mee	removal of the mastoid
mastoidocentesis mas-TOY-doh-sin-TEE-sis	puncture of the mastoid
otoplasty OH-toh-PLAS-tee	surgical reconstruction of the ear
myringectomy MIR-in-JEK-toh-mee	removal of the eardrum
myringoplasty mir-IN-goh-PLAS-tee	surgical reconstruction of the eardrum
myringotomy mir-in-GAW-toh-mee	incision into the eardrum
tympanocentesis tim-PAN-oh-sin-TEE-sis	puncture of the eardrum
tympanolabyrinthopexy tim-PAN-oh-lah-buh-RINTH-oh-PEK-see	surgical fixation of the eardrum to the labyrinth
tympanoplasty tim-PAN-oh-PLAS-tee	surgical reconstruction of the eardrum
tympanostomy TIM-pan-AW-stoh-mee	creation of an opening in the eardrum
cochlear implant KOH-klee-ar IM-plant	electronic device that stimulates the cochlea; it can give a sense of sound to those who are profoundly deaf
labyrinthectomy LAB-uh-rinth-EK-toh-mee	removal of the labyrinth
labyrinthotomy LAB-uh-rinth-AW-toh-mee	incision into the labyrinth
vestibulotomy ves-TIH-byoo-LAW-toh-mee	incision into the vestibule