Question | Answer |
ophthalm/o, or ocul/o | eye(s) |
ophthalmic | pertaining to an eye |
ophthalmologist | a specialist in the study of the eyes |
-algia | pain |
ophthalmalgia | a condition of pain in an eye |
intraocular | pertaining to within an eye |
endophthalmitis | inflammation of an eye's inner layer |
ophthalmorrhagia | a rapid flow of blood from an eye |
-rrhagia | rapid flow of blood |
ophthalmopathy | a disease condition of an eye |
ocular prosthesis | an artificial eye |
ophthalmoscope | a lighted instrument used to view an eye |
-orrhea | flow |
ophthalmoscopy | the process of viewing an eye with a lighted instrument |
oculomycosis | an abnormal condition of an eye caused by a fungus |
binocular | pertaining to two (bin-) eyes |
blephar/o | eyelid(s) |
blepharitis | inflammation of an eyelid |
blepharoplasty | surgical repair of an eyelid |
blepharoptosis | drooping or sagging (prolapse)(-ptosis) of an eyelid |
conjuctiv/o | conjunctiva(e -plural)mucous membrane lining of an eyelid |
conjuctivitis | inflammation of a conjunctiva AKA pinkeye |
scler/o | sclera(e)is the opaque portion of an eye |
opaque means | light will not pass through it |
scleritis | inflammation of a sclera |
sclerotomy | surgical incision of a slera |
sclerostomy | a new or artificial opening into a sclera |
corne/o, or kerat/o | cornea(s) |
A cornea is the | transparent portion of a sclera |
Transparent means | light will pass through it |
corneal abrasion | pertaining to a scraped or scratched cornea |
A corneal abrasion is commonly caused by a | Foreign Body (FB) |
keratitis | inflammation of a cornea |
keratoplasty | surgical repair of a cornea |
sclerokeratitis | inflammation of a sclera and cornea |
keratometer | an instrument to measure a cornea |
iri/o, or irid/o | iris(es) are the colored portion of an eye (and is covered by the cornea) |
iritis | inflammation of an iris |
iridectomy | excision of section of an iris |
iridosclerotomy | a surgical incision of an iris and sclera |
iridoplegia | paralysis of an iris |
-plegia | paralysis |
corneoiritis | inflammation of a cornea and iris |
cor/o, or core/o, or pupill/o | pupil(s) |
A pupil is an | opening (os, orifice, meatus) in the center of an iris |
pupillary | pertaining to a pupil |
pupillometer | an instrument used to measure a pupil |
leukocoria | a condition of a white pupil |
The pupils have the ability to enlarge (increase) in size is called | pupillary dilation (low light) |
The pupils have the ability to decrease in size is called | pupillary constriction (high light) |
retin/o | retina(e) |
the function of each retina is to | perceive light |
photo- | light |
photoretinitis | inflammation of a retina caused by extreme light |
retinopathy | disease condition of a retina |
retinoblastoma | tumor or mass of a retina |
retinal detachment | separation of a retina from an eye |
cryoretinopexy | surgical fixation of a retina by freezing |
cry/o | freezing |
retinitis pigmentosa | a genetic degeneration of the retinae |
phac/o | crystalline lens(es) |
The purpose of each crystalline lens is to | reflect light on the retinae |
relection means to | bend (focus) light |
phacocele | herniation of a (crystalline) lens |
dacry/o or lacrim/o | tear |
dacryoadenitis | inflammation of a lacrimal (tear) gland |
lacrimate | to produce tears (cry) |
nasolacrimal | pertaining to the nose and lacrimal(tear) duct(s) |
dacryocystorhinostomy | artificial opening between a lacrimal(tear) sac(bladder (cyst/o)) and the nose |
dacryocystotomy | surgical incision of a (lacrimal) tear sac(bladder) |
dacryocystitis | inflammation of a (lacrimal) tear sac (bladder) |
opt/o or -opia | vision |
optometrist or optician | a specialist in the measurement of vision |
optic | pertaining to vision |
optometer | an instrument used to measure vision |
optomyometer | an instrument to measure the muscles of vision |
emmetropia (emmetropic) (Em) | normal vision |
hyperopia (hyperopic) | farsightedness (can see things clearly far away) |
myopia (myopic) | nearsightedness (can see things clearly near/close up) |
nyctalopia (nyctalopic) | poor vision at night AKA night blindness |
presbyopia (presbyopic) | impaired vision as a result of aging |
diplopia | a condition of double vision |
strabismus | deviation of the eyes in different directions |
exotropia (exotropic) | an eye deviates outward AKA "wall-eyed" |
esotropia (esotropic) | an eye deviates inward AKA "cross-eyed" |
hypertropia (hypertropic) | an eye deviates upward |
hypotropia (hypotropic) | an eye deviates downward |
hyper- | far, up |
hypo- | down, |
amblyopia (amblyopic) | poor vision associated with strabismus AKA "lazy eye syndrome" |
orthoptic training | eye exercises designed to correct strabismus |
strabotomy | surgical incision of muscle or tendon of an eye to correct strabismus |
enucleation | surgical removal of an eye |
photophonia (photophobic) | sensitivity to light |
orbits | the bony cavities of the cranium (skull) that contains and protects the eyeballs |
papilledema | swellling and inflammation of an optic nerve indicative of increased IntraCranial Pressure(ICP) |
nystagmus | an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeballs |
fluorescein angiography | the process of recording (X-rays) the blood vessels of an eye after IntraVenous(I.V.) injection of a radiopaque dye |
peripheral vision | lateral vision when looking straight ahead |
cataract | clouding (opacity) of a lens |
phacoemulsification | the use of an ultrasonic needle probe to break up and aspirate an opaque lens. http://www.thecoplow.co.uk/cataract/surgery.html |
glaucoma | abnormally increased IntraOcular Pressure(IOP) |
Glaucoma can damage the retinae(plural) and lead to | permanent blindness |
tonometer | an instrument to measure IntraOcular Pressure(IOP) |
Tonometry is a test for | glaucoma |
chalazion | obstruction of a sebaceous(oil) gland of an eyelid |
sty (hordeolum) | infection of a sebaceous(oil) gland of an eyelid |
Visual Acuity (VA) | the ability of the eye(s) to focus |
Snellen eye chart | block letters in successive lines of decreasing size used to check visual acuity |
astigmatism (Ast) | defective curvature of a lens |
LASIK | Laser Assisted in Situ Keratoplasty (Tx(treatment) for myopia(nearsightedness)) |
PhotoRefractive Keratectomy(PRK) | laser surgery to correct myopia(nearsightedness) |
Radial Keratotomy(RK) | surgery to correct myopia(nearsightedness) |
Conductive Keratoplasty (CK) | surgery using radio waves to correct hyperopia(farsightedness) |
Implantable Collamer Lens(ICL) | prosthetic lens surgically implanted to correct myopia |
DR | Diabetic Retinoplasty |
O.D. | right eye or OverDose (D..drive with right hand) |
O.S. | left eye (S..signal with left hand) |
O.U. | both eyes |
PEARRLA | Pupils Equal And Round, React to Light + Accommodation |
Accommodation means | the ability to focus |
REM | Rapid Eye Movement |
REM sleep signals the onset of | dreaming |
VA | Visual Acuity (ability of the eyes to focus), Veterans Administration |
VF | Visual Field |
ot/o, aur/i, aur/o | ear |
Otitis Media (OM) | inflammation of a middle ear |
otalgia | a condition of ear pain |
otomycosis | an abnormal condition of fungus in an ear |
otitis externa | inflammation of an outer(external) ear |
otopyorrhea | purulent(pus) discharge(flow) from an ear |
otoscope | a lighted instrument to view an ear |
otologist | a specialist in the study of the ears |
otorhinolaryngologist(ENT) | a specialist in the study of the Ears, Nose, and Throat |
aural | pertaining to an ear |
auricle | the outer cartilaginous flap of an ear AKA a pinna |
myring/o, tympan/o | tympanic membrane AKA eardrum |
myringitis or tympanitis | inflammation of a tympanic membrane(eardrum) |
myringotomy | surgical incision of a tympanic membrane(eardrum) |
tympanorrhexis | rupture(-rrhexis) of a tympanic membrane(eardrum) |
tympanoplasty | surgical repair of an eardrum(tympanic membrane) |
tympanometer | an instrument to measure the function of an eardrum(tympanic membrane) |
tympanometry | the process of measuring the function of an eardrum(tympanic membrane) |
acous/o, audi/o | hearing |
acoustic neuroma | tumor or mass of an acoustic(auditory) nerve |
audiometer or acoumeter | an instrument to measure hearing |
audiometry | the process of measuring hearing |
audiogram | a record of hearing |
audiologist | a specialist in the study of hearing |
labyrinth/o | labyrinth |
Each labyrinth is found in the | inner ear and aids in balance & equilibrium |
labyrinthitis | inflammation of a labyrinth |
labyrinthectomy | excision of a labyrinth |
cochle/o | cochlea |
the function of each cochlea is to | perceive sound vibrations |
cochlear implant | a prosthetic device designed to treat deafness caused by a dysfunctional cochlea |
auditory ossicles | 3 bones of the middle ear |
The names of these Auditory Ossicles are | 1.Malleus(hammer) 2.Incus(anvil) 3.Stapes(stirrup) |
oval window | where a staples connects to a cochlea |
Eustachian Tubes | bilateral tibes(ducts, vessels) that connect each middle ear to the pharynx(throat) |
The purpose of the Eustachian tubes is to | equalize pressure and prevent tympanorrhexis |
mastoiditis | inflammation of a mastoid bone |
mastoid bone | a cranial bone located posterior to an external auditory meatus(os, orifice) |
Each mastoid bone can | transmit(conduct) vibrations to the cochleas to aid in hearing |
otomastoiditis | inflammation of an ear and mastoid bone |
mastoidotomy | surgical incision of a mastoid bone |
mastoidectomy | excision of a mastoid bone |
ceruminoma | tumor or mass of the glands that secrete cerumen(earwax) |
anacusis | deafness |
presbycusis | hearing impairment related to aging |
decibel | a unit of measurement for the loudness of sound |
tinnitus | ringing or buzzing of the ear(s) |
tuning fork | a dignostic instrument to measure hearing |
conduction impairment | dysfunction of the structures of an ear that effect vibration(conduction) transmission |
Meniere's disease | a disorder of the labyrinths that leads to progressive loss of hearing, vertigo(dizziness), and tinnitus(ringing in the ears) |
A.D. | right ear |
A.S. | left ear |
A.U. | both ears |
HOH | Hard Of Hearing |
PET | Pressure Equalization Tube(s) or Positron Emission Tomography |