Question | Answer |
Phenytoin (Dilantin) | Selectively binds to inactivate Na+ channels and decrease Glutamate release from excitatory presynaptic neurons. |
Carbamazapine | Stabilizes the inactivated state of Na+ channels. Potentiate GABA receptors. |
Lamotrigine | Blocks voltage gated Na+ channels. Decrease release of Glutamate from excitatory NTs |
Valproic acid | Increase Na+ channel inactivation. Inhibits GABA transaminase |
Gabapentin | Binds to presynaptic N-type Ca++ channels. Decrease NT Release |
Topiramate | Block voltage gated Na+ channels. Antagonize AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors. |
Phenobarbital | Bind GABAa receptor and prolong duration of CL- channel opening |
Ethosuximide | Blocks thalamic T-type Ca++ channels. |
Lorazepam (Benzo) Diazepam | bind GABAa receptor at interface of alpha and gamma subunits. Increase frequency of of GABA binding and increased frequency of chloride channel opening. |
Short Acting (highest addiction potential)
triazolam, oxazepam, alprazolam, midazolam | bind GABAa receptor at interface of alpha and gamma subunits. Increase frequency of of GABA binding and increased frequency of chloride channel opening. Fix OD with Flumenazil |
Medium Acting
estazolam, lorazepam, temazepam | bind GABAa receptor at interface of alpha and gamma subunits. Increase frequency of of GABA binding and increased frequency of chloride channel opening. Fix OD with Flumenazil |
Long Acting (greatest fall risk)
chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, clonazepam, clorazepate | bind GABAa receptor at interface of alpha and gamma subunits. Increase frequency of of GABA binding and increased frequency of chloride channel opening. Fix OD with Flumenazil |
Tigabine | Selective GABA reuptake inhibitor |
Vigabatrin | Irreversibly inhibit GABA transaminase |
Levetiracetam | Inhibit voltage dependent N=type Ca++ channels. Bind to synaptic proteins that modulate neurotransmitter release. |
Oxycarbazepine | Na+ channel blocker |
Felbamate | Has an effect on GABA receptor binding sites |
Lacosamide | Enhance slow activation of Na+ channels and interacts with CRMP-2 |
Rufinamide | Prolongs the inactivation state of the Na+ channel |
Sulthiame | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
Zonisamide | Binds Na+ channels, Voltage sensitive Ca++ channels, partial CAI |