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Muscular System 3

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Question	Answer
The three types of muscle are?	1. Skeletal (striated) muscle. 2. Smooth (visceral) muscle. 3. Cardiac muscle.
Skeletal (striated) muscles are?	voluntary.
Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include?	1. Biceps brachii (flexes inferior arm.) 2. Triceps brachii (extends inferior arm).
Most voluntary and skeletal muscles are connected to a bone by a strong, tough, nonelastic, white collagenous fibrous cord known as a?	tendon.
Smooth (visceral) muscles are?	involuntary (autonomic).
Examples of smooth (visceral) muscle are found in the?	GI tract (peristalsis), uterus, blood vessels (vasoconstriction and vasodilation), and the urinary bladder.
Cardiac muscle is?	involuntary.
Cardiac muscle is unique because when one cardiac muscle cell is stimulated?	all the cardiac muscle cells are stimulated.
This causes the cardiac muscles cells to?	contract together.
Cardiac muscle cells also have the unique ability to?	receive an impulse, contract, immediately relax, and then receive another impulse.
A steady or constant state of partial contraction maintained in a muscle is called?	muscle tone.
Some muscle cells in a muscle will always be contracting while other muscle cells?	are at rest.
Then those at rest will contract while those that were contracting will go into?	relaxation.
This allows us to maintain body posture by?	long periods of time without tiring.
This is accomplished because nerve impulses?	alternate between various groups of muscle cells thus allowing all to have periods of rest.
Two types of muscle contraction include?	1. Isotonic 2. Isometric.
Isotonic contractions occur when?	lifting a weight, muscles become shorter and thicker and the tone (tension) remains the same.
Isometric contractions occur when?	pushing against a wall, the muscles involved remain at a constant length and the tone (tension)against the muscle increases.
The more fixed attachment of a muscle that serves as a basis for the action is the?	origin (anchor).
The movable attachment where the effects of muscular contraction are seen, is called the?	insertion (action)
Muscles can be named according to their action such as?	1. Adductor (movement of a limb toward the midline of the body). 2. Abductor (movement of a limb away from the midline of the body). 3. Flexor (bending a limb at a joint). 4. Extensor (extending a limb at a joint).
Muscles can be named according to their shape such as?	1. Quadratus (square). 2. Trapezius (triangular).
Muscles can be named according to their origin and insertion such as the?	sternocleidmastoid.
Sternocleidmastoid muscles are primarily used to?	move the head.
Muscles can be named according to their location such as?	1. Frontailis 2. Tibialis. 3. Radialis.
The frontalis muscles?	raises your eyebrows.
Muscles can be named according to the number of divisions such as?	1. Biceps brachii. 2. Triceps brachii. 3. Quadriceps.
Muscles can be named according to the direction their fibers such as?	transverse or oblique (slanted)
Muscles that rotate a limb are called?	rotators (pitchers).
Movement of the foot upward is called?	dorsiflexion.
Movement of the foot toward the ground is called?	plantar flexion.
Turning the palm so that is faces the ground is called?	pronation.
The two muscles that cause your palm to face downward are called the?	pronator teres and pronator quadratus.
Turning the palm upwards is called?	supination.
The muscle that causes your palm to face upward is called the?	supinator muscle (waitress)
The muscle that draws the scalp backwards is called the?	occipitalis.
The muscles involved in smiling and laughing are called?	zygomaticus.
The muslces that close the jaw are the?	masseter and temporalis.
The muscles that move the scapula include the?	1. Levator scapulae (shrug). 2. Rhomboids. 3. Pectoralis minor. 4. Trapezius.
The muscle that flexes and adducts the arm is called the?	pectoralis major.
The muscle that extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially (swimming) is called the?	latissimus dorsi.
The muscle that abducts the arm and is a site for intramuscular (IM) injections is called the?	deltoid.
The muscle that flexes the wrist is called the?	flexor carpi.
The muscle that extends the wrist is called the?	extensor carpi.
The muscles that flex the fingers or toes are called?	flexor digitora.
The muscles that extend the fingers or toes are called?	extensor digitora.
The muscle that flexes the thumb is called the?	flexor pollicis (text messaging).
The muscle that extends the thumb is called the?	extensor pollicis (hitch hike).
The muscle that moves the thumb toward midline is called the?	adductor pollicis.
The muscle that moves the thumb away from the midline is called the?	abductor pollicis.
The muscle that flexes and opposes the thumb and is used when we write is called the?	opponens pollicis (opposition).
The muscles that make up the abdominal wall include?	1. External oblique. 2. Internal oblique. 3. Transversus abdominis. 4. Rectus abdominis ("washboard").
The muscles of ventilation includes?	1. Diaphragm. 2. Internal intercostals. 3. External intercostals.
The muscles of the buttocks include?	1. Gluteus maximus (cheek). 2. Gluteus minimus. 3. Gluteus medius (IM injections).
The muscles that flex the knee include?	1. Biceps femoris. 2. Semitendiousus. 3. Semimembranosus. 4. Popliteus. 5. Gracilis. 6. Sartorius.
The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, make up the?	"hamstrings."
The muscles that extend the knee include?	1. Rectus femoris. 2. Vastus lateralis (IM injections). 3. Vastus medialis. 4. Vastus intermedius.
The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medials and vastus intermedius make up the?	quadriceps femoris group.
The five muscles that plantar flex the foot (bring it downward) include?	1. Gastrocemius (calf). 2. Tibialis posterior. 3. Soleus. 4. Peroneus longus. 5. Plantaris.
Two muscles dorisflex the foot (bring it upward) include?	1. Tibialis anterior. 2. Peroneus tertius.
Humans have ______ skeletal muscles.?	650.
If all the skeletal muscles worked together, they could lift?	11 tons.