| Question | Answer |
| causes of female infertility | anovulation, endometriosis, adhesions, tubal disease, stenotic cervix, uterine abnormalities, genetic anomalies (Turner syndrome), elevated prolactin, sperm antibodies |
| Turner's syndrome | 45XO: one X c'some missing or has an abnormality
clinical features: short stature, webbed necks, broad chest, low hairline, and low set ears
gonadal dysfunction: amenorrhea and sterility |
| hyperprolactinemia | cause of female infertility
prolactin suppresses ovulation by suppressing gonadotropins |
| causes of male infertility | varicocele, testicular disease (Klinefelter's syndrome), secondary hypogonadism, impotence (alcohol, smoking), sperm autoantibodies, infection (mumps) |
| varicocele | abnormal enlargement of of vein in scrotum that drains the testicles and leads to improper temperature for sperm maturation
main cause of male infertility |
| Klinefelter's syndrome | 47 XXY
most common sex c'some disorder in males
most pronounced effects: hypogonadism and reduced fertility |
| mumps | can lead to orchitis and sterility in teenage males or men |
| infertility Dx | medical Hx, sexual Hx, PE, pelvic exam with pap, STD testing, wet prep, basal body temp charting, endometrial biopsy, semen analysis, hormone testing, HSG |
| infertility Tx | timed intercourse, ovulation prediction, hormone therapy, prolactin suppression, artificial insemination, ovulation induction, Tx of endometriosis, Tx of infection, surgical therapy |
