Question | Answer |
The functions of the kidney include? | 1. Removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood. |
Nitrogenous (N) wastes include? | a. urea |
Nitrogenous (N) wastes include? | b. Uric acid |
Nitrogenous (N) wastes include? | c. Creatinine |
Nitrogenous (N) wastes include? | d. Ammonia (NH3) |
The functions of the kidney include? | Maintaining blood volume and electrolyte (salt) balance. |
The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | a. Sodium (Na+). |
The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | b. Potassium (K+). |
The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | c. Chloride (Cl-). |
The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | d. Calcium (Ca+). |
The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | e. Phosphate (PO4-) |
The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | f. Magnesium (Mg+). |
The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | g. Sulfate (SO4-) |
Remember, where salt goes? | water follows |
Healthy adults need no more than? | 2300 mg of sodium daily. |
Maintaining pH balance of the blood acidity vs. alkalinity (base) by the interaction of? | carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3) |
Production of renin which will? | regulate blood pressure (BP) |
Production of erythropoietin which aids in? | erythrocyte (RBC) formation. |
Conversion of vitamin D into its active form called? | calciferol. |
The paired kidneys are located in the? | retroperitoneal (flank) region. |
The right kidney is slightly lower than the left due to the large area occupied by the? | liver. |
A kidney is the size of a? | fist. |
The outer covering of each kidney is called the? | renal capsule. |
The outermost layer is called the? | renal cortex. |
The middle layer is called the? | renal medulla. |
A thin layer of fibrous connective tissue that anchors each kidney to the surrounding structures and the abdominal wall is called? | renal fascia. |
The tubes (vessels, ducts) that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder are called? | ureters. |
Each ureter connects to a kidney at a? | renal pelvis. |
Each renal pelvis is made up of funnel shaped structures called? | calices (calyx). |
Kidney cells are called? | nephrons. |
Each kidney has approximately? | 1,000,000 nephrons. |
The vessels carrying oxygenated blood to be filtered by the kidneys are called the? | right and left renal arteries. |
The vessels carrying deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys are called the? | right and left renal veins. |
Normal urine production is approximately? | 56 mL/hour = 2 ounces of urine. |
Urine is transported from each renal pelvis to the urinary bladder primarily by? | peristalsis. |
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ located? | posterior to the pubic symphysis. |
The average capacity of the urinary bladder is? | 700 - 800 mL. |
Stretch receptor in the bladder wall will transmit nerve impulses to the lower portion of the spinal cord when the urine level reaches? | 200 - 400 mL. |
These impulses initiate the conscious desire to? | urinate (micturition)or void (micturate). |
The sphincters that control the flow of urine are called the? | internal and external urinary (urethral) sphincters. |
The inability to control the urinary (urethral) sphincters is called? | enuresis and urinary incontinence. |
The urethra is the? | tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside world. |
The opening of the urethra to the outside world is called the urinary? | meatus (orifice or os). |
In females the urethra is approximately? | 1.5 inches long. |
The female urinary meatus is located between the? | clitoris and vaginal orifice. |
In males the urethra is approximately? | 8 inches long. |
The male urinary meatus is located at the distal portion of the? | glans penis. |
In males the urethra carries? | 1. Urine.
2. Spermatozoa.
3. Semen |
The reproductive and urinary systems are referred to as the? | genitourinary (GU) system. |
Blood tests commonly used to detect nitrogenous (N) waste include? | 1.BUN (blood urea nitrogen).
2. Creatinine clearance (Cc).
3. Cystatin C (Cys C). |
IVP stand for? | intravenous pyelogram. |
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is an x-ray of the renal pelves after injection of an? | Intravenous (IV) radiopaque dye. |
hematuria? | a condition of blood in the urine (trauma) |
pyuria? | a condition of pus in the urine (infection) |
bacteriuria? | bacteria in the urine |
glycosuria? | a condition of sugar (glucose) in the urine (DM) |
ketonuria? | a condition of ketones (acetone) in the urine (fat metabolism) |
albuminuria? | albumin (blood protein) in the urine. |
hemodialysis (HD) | artificial removal of toxins from the blood. |
CAPD? | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. |