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Urinary System 4
Fundamentals of Body Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The functions of the kidney include? | 1. Removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood. |
| Nitrogenous (N) wastes include? | a. urea |
| Nitrogenous (N) wastes include? | b. Uric acid |
| Nitrogenous (N) wastes include? | c. Creatinine |
| Nitrogenous (N) wastes include? | d. Ammonia (NH3) |
| The functions of the kidney include? | Maintaining blood volume and electrolyte (salt) balance. |
| The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | a. Sodium (Na+). |
| The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | b. Potassium (K+). |
| The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | c. Chloride (Cl-). |
| The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | d. Calcium (Ca+). |
| The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | e. Phosphate (PO4-) |
| The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | f. Magnesium (Mg+). |
| The electrolytes ("lytes") include? | g. Sulfate (SO4-) |
| Remember, where salt goes? | water follows |
| Healthy adults need no more than? | 2300 mg of sodium daily. |
| Maintaining pH balance of the blood acidity vs. alkalinity (base) by the interaction of? | carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3) |
| Production of renin which will? | regulate blood pressure (BP) |
| Production of erythropoietin which aids in? | erythrocyte (RBC) formation. |
| Conversion of vitamin D into its active form called? | calciferol. |
| The paired kidneys are located in the? | retroperitoneal (flank) region. |
| The right kidney is slightly lower than the left due to the large area occupied by the? | liver. |
| A kidney is the size of a? | fist. |
| The outer covering of each kidney is called the? | renal capsule. |
| The outermost layer is called the? | renal cortex. |
| The middle layer is called the? | renal medulla. |
| A thin layer of fibrous connective tissue that anchors each kidney to the surrounding structures and the abdominal wall is called? | renal fascia. |
| The tubes (vessels, ducts) that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder are called? | ureters. |
| Each ureter connects to a kidney at a? | renal pelvis. |
| Each renal pelvis is made up of funnel shaped structures called? | calices (calyx). |
| Kidney cells are called? | nephrons. |
| Each kidney has approximately? | 1,000,000 nephrons. |
| The vessels carrying oxygenated blood to be filtered by the kidneys are called the? | right and left renal arteries. |
| The vessels carrying deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys are called the? | right and left renal veins. |
| Normal urine production is approximately? | 56 mL/hour = 2 ounces of urine. |
| Urine is transported from each renal pelvis to the urinary bladder primarily by? | peristalsis. |
| The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ located? | posterior to the pubic symphysis. |
| The average capacity of the urinary bladder is? | 700 - 800 mL. |
| Stretch receptor in the bladder wall will transmit nerve impulses to the lower portion of the spinal cord when the urine level reaches? | 200 - 400 mL. |
| These impulses initiate the conscious desire to? | urinate (micturition)or void (micturate). |
| The sphincters that control the flow of urine are called the? | internal and external urinary (urethral) sphincters. |
| The inability to control the urinary (urethral) sphincters is called? | enuresis and urinary incontinence. |
| The urethra is the? | tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside world. |
| The opening of the urethra to the outside world is called the urinary? | meatus (orifice or os). |
| In females the urethra is approximately? | 1.5 inches long. |
| The female urinary meatus is located between the? | clitoris and vaginal orifice. |
| In males the urethra is approximately? | 8 inches long. |
| The male urinary meatus is located at the distal portion of the? | glans penis. |
| In males the urethra carries? | 1. Urine. 2. Spermatozoa. 3. Semen |
| The reproductive and urinary systems are referred to as the? | genitourinary (GU) system. |
| Blood tests commonly used to detect nitrogenous (N) waste include? | 1.BUN (blood urea nitrogen). 2. Creatinine clearance (Cc). 3. Cystatin C (Cys C). |
| IVP stand for? | intravenous pyelogram. |
| An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is an x-ray of the renal pelves after injection of an? | Intravenous (IV) radiopaque dye. |
| hematuria? | a condition of blood in the urine (trauma) |
| pyuria? | a condition of pus in the urine (infection) |
| bacteriuria? | bacteria in the urine |
| glycosuria? | a condition of sugar (glucose) in the urine (DM) |
| ketonuria? | a condition of ketones (acetone) in the urine (fat metabolism) |
| albuminuria? | albumin (blood protein) in the urine. |
| hemodialysis (HD) | artificial removal of toxins from the blood. |
| CAPD? | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. |
Created by:
Penny S
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