Question | Answer |
Angi/o | Vessel |
Aort/o | Aorta |
Arteri/o | Artery |
Arteriol/o | Arteriole |
Cardi/o | Heart |
Coron/o | Heart |
Phleb/o | Vein |
Ven/o | Vein |
Venul/o | Venule |
Aneurysm | Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall
or
breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis |
Angina | Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to heart muscle
(Angina pectoris) |
Arrhythmia | Abnormal heartbeat (rhythm)
E.g. Fibrillation, Flutter |
Atherosclerosis | Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol-like plaque. |
Congestive heart failure | Inability of the hear to pump its required amount of blood. Blood accumulates in the lungs, causing pulmonary edema. |
Hypertension | High blood pressure
Essential: no apparent cause
Secondary: another illness is the cause of hypertension |
Myocardial infarction | Heart attack |
Infarction | Area of dead (necrotic) tissue |
Shock | A group of signs and symptoms (paleness of skin, weak and rapid pulse, shallow breathing) indicating poor oxygen supply to tissues and insufficient return of blood to heart |
Lymph/o | Lymph fluid |
Lymphaden/o | Lymph node |
Lymphangi/o | Lymph vessel |
Splen/o | Spleen |
Thym/o | Thymus gland |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Suppression or deficiency of the immune response (destruction of lymphocytes) caused by exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
Lymphoma | Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue
(E.g. Hodgkin disease) |
Mononucleosis | Acute infectious disease with enlargement of lymph nodes and increased numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in the bloodstream |
Sarcoidosis | Inflammatory disease in which small nodules, or tubercles, form in lymph nodes and other organs |
Adenoid/o | Adenoid |
Alveol/o | Air sac; alveolus |
Bronch/o | Bronchial tube |
Bronchiol/o | Bronchiole |
Cyan/o | Blue |
Epiglotto/o | Epiglottis |
Laryng/o | Larynx |
Nas/o | Nose |
Rhin/o | Nose |
Pharyng/o | Pharynx |
Phren/o | Diaphragm |
Pneumon/o | Lung |
Pulmon/o | Lung |
Tonsill/o | Tonsils |
Trache/o | Trachea |
Asphyxia | Extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body with increase of carbon dioxide leads to loss of consciousness or death |
Asthma | Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction |
Atelectasis | Collapsed lung |
Emphysema | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
(Type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, along with bronchitis and asthma) |
Hemoptysis | Spitting up of blood |
Hemothorax | Blood in the pleural cavity |
Pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs |
Pneumonia | Inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction |
Tuberculosis | An infectious disease caused by bacteria (bacilli); the lungs and other organs are affected.
Signs and symptoms are cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis, and pleuritic pain |
An/o | anus |
Append/o | appendix |
Appendic/o | appendix |
cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
col/o | colon |
colon/o | colon |
duoden/o | duodenum |
esophag/o | esophagus |
gastr/o | stomach |
hepat/o | liver |
ile/o | ileum |
jejun/o | jejunum |
or/o | mouth |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
pharyng/o | pharynx |
proct/o | anus and rectum |
rect/o | rectum |
sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
stomat/o | mouth |
Cholelithiasis | Abnormal condition of gallstones |
Cirrhosis | Chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells |
Colonic polyposis | Condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon. |
Diverticulosis | Abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs (diverticula) in the wall of the intestine (often the colon) |
Diverticulitis | Inflammation and infection with the diverticula |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Condition in which contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus |
Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver |
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | Inflammation of the terminal (last) portion of the ileum (Crohn disease) or inflammation of the colon (ulcerative colitis) |
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. Although IBS causes distressing symptoms, it doesn’t permanently harm the intestine. |
Hapatocellular carcinoma | Cancer (primary) of the liver |
Jaundice | Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream (hyperbilirubinemia) |
Adren/o | Adrenal gland |
Adrenal/o | Adrenal gland |
Hypophys/o | Pituitary gland |
Oophor/o | Ovary |
Ovari/o | Ovary |
Orch/o | Testis |
Orchi/o | Testis |
Orchid/o | Testis |
Pancreat/o | Pancreas |
Parathyroid/o | Parathyroid gland |
Pituitar/o | Pituitary gland |
Thym/o | Thymus gland |
Thyroaden/o | Thyroid gland |
Thyroid/o | Thyroid gland |
Acromegaly | Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty |
Cushing syndrome | A group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. These signs and symptoms include obesity, moonlike facies (fullness of the face), hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis. |
Diabetes mellitus | Disorder of pancreas that causes inc in bld gluc levels
Type 1: onset usually in childhood, involves complete deficiency of insulin in body
Type 2: onset usually in adulthood, involves some insulin deficiency&resistance of tissues to action of i |
Goiter | Enlargement of the thyroid gland |
Hyperthyroidism | Overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves disease or exopthalmic (eyeballs bulge outward) goiter |
Cardioversion | Brief discharges of electricity passing across the chest to stop a cardiac arrhythmia.
Also called defibrillation |
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) | Vessels taken from the patient’s legs or chest are connected to coronary arteries to make detours around blockages |
Endarterectomy | Surgical removal of the innermost lining of an artery to remove fatty deposits and clots |
Heart transplantation | A donor heart is transferred to a recipient |
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) | A balloon-tipped catheter (a flexible, tubular instrument) is threaded into a coronary artery to compress fatty deposits and the recurrence of blockages less likely.
Also called balloon angioplasty |
Thrombolytic therapy | Drugs such as tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) and streptokinase are injected into a patient’s bloodstream to dissolve clots that may cause a heart attack |
Aortic stenosis | Narrowing of the largest artery |
Anastomosis | Surgical creation of an opening between 2 gastrointestinal organs
E.g. gastrojejunostomy, cholecystojejunostomy, choledochoduodenostomy |
Colostomy | Surgical creation of a new opening of the colon to the outside of the body |
Ileostomy | Surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body |
Laparoscopic surgery | Removal of organs or tissues via a laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen through a small incision)
E.g. laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy.
It is a form of minimally invasive surgery |
Chemotherapy | Treatment with powerful drugs to kill cancer cells (Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma) and viruses such as the HIV |
Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) | Treatment with high-dose to destroy malignant lesions in the body |
Endotracheal intubation | A tube is placed through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway during surgery and for placement on a respirator (a machine that moves air into and out of the lungs) |
Thoracentesis | A needle is inserted through the skin between the ribs and into the pleural space to drain a pleural effusion |
Thoracotomy | Incision of the chest to remove a lung (pneumonectomy) or a portion of a lung (lobectomy) |
Tracheostomy | Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and the insertion of a tube to create an airway |
Cyst/o | Urinary bladder |
Vesic/o | Urinary bladder |
Nephr/o | Kidney |
Ren/o | Kidney |
Pyel/o | Renal pelvis |
Ureter/o | Ureter |
Urethr/o | Urethra |
Albuminuria | Abnormal condition of protein (albumin) in the urine |
Anuria | Abnormal condition of no urine production |
Dysuria | Painful urination |
Glycosuria | Abnormal condition of glucose in the urine |
Hematuria | Abnormal condition of blood in the urine |
Nephrolithiasis | Abnormal condition of stones in the kidney |
Renal failure | Condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and don’t produce urine |
Uremia | Condition of high levels of urea (nitrogenous waste material) in the blood |
Dialysis | Waste materials (urea, creatinine, uric acid) are separated from the blood by a machine (hemodialysis). |
Peritoneal dialysis | Alternative to dialysis, a peritoneal catheter delivers a special fluid into the abdominal cavity, and then the fluid, which now contains waste materials that have seeped from the blood into it, is drained |
Lithotripsy | Shock waves are beamed into a patient to crush urinary tract stones. The stone fragments then pass out of the body with urine.
Also called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) |
Renal transplantation | A donor kidney is transferred to a recipient |
Urinary catheterization | A catheter is passed through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for short-term or long-term drainage of urine |