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Terminology Body Sys
Med’11 Foundation: Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Angi/o | Vessel |
| Aort/o | Aorta |
| Arteri/o | Artery |
| Arteriol/o | Arteriole |
| Cardi/o | Heart |
| Coron/o | Heart |
| Phleb/o | Vein |
| Ven/o | Vein |
| Venul/o | Venule |
| Aneurysm | Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis |
| Angina | Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to heart muscle (Angina pectoris) |
| Arrhythmia | Abnormal heartbeat (rhythm) E.g. Fibrillation, Flutter |
| Atherosclerosis | Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol-like plaque. |
| Congestive heart failure | Inability of the hear to pump its required amount of blood. Blood accumulates in the lungs, causing pulmonary edema. |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure Essential: no apparent cause Secondary: another illness is the cause of hypertension |
| Myocardial infarction | Heart attack |
| Infarction | Area of dead (necrotic) tissue |
| Shock | A group of signs and symptoms (paleness of skin, weak and rapid pulse, shallow breathing) indicating poor oxygen supply to tissues and insufficient return of blood to heart |
| Lymph/o | Lymph fluid |
| Lymphaden/o | Lymph node |
| Lymphangi/o | Lymph vessel |
| Splen/o | Spleen |
| Thym/o | Thymus gland |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Suppression or deficiency of the immune response (destruction of lymphocytes) caused by exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| Lymphoma | Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue (E.g. Hodgkin disease) |
| Mononucleosis | Acute infectious disease with enlargement of lymph nodes and increased numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in the bloodstream |
| Sarcoidosis | Inflammatory disease in which small nodules, or tubercles, form in lymph nodes and other organs |
| Adenoid/o | Adenoid |
| Alveol/o | Air sac; alveolus |
| Bronch/o | Bronchial tube |
| Bronchiol/o | Bronchiole |
| Cyan/o | Blue |
| Epiglotto/o | Epiglottis |
| Laryng/o | Larynx |
| Nas/o | Nose |
| Rhin/o | Nose |
| Pharyng/o | Pharynx |
| Phren/o | Diaphragm |
| Pneumon/o | Lung |
| Pulmon/o | Lung |
| Tonsill/o | Tonsils |
| Trache/o | Trachea |
| Asphyxia | Extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body with increase of carbon dioxide leads to loss of consciousness or death |
| Asthma | Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction |
| Atelectasis | Collapsed lung |
| Emphysema | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls (Type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, along with bronchitis and asthma) |
| Hemoptysis | Spitting up of blood |
| Hemothorax | Blood in the pleural cavity |
| Pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs |
| Pneumonia | Inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction |
| Tuberculosis | An infectious disease caused by bacteria (bacilli); the lungs and other organs are affected. Signs and symptoms are cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis, and pleuritic pain |
| An/o | anus |
| Append/o | appendix |
| Appendic/o | appendix |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| col/o | colon |
| colon/o | colon |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| hepat/o | liver |
| ile/o | ileum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| or/o | mouth |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| rect/o | rectum |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| Cholelithiasis | Abnormal condition of gallstones |
| Cirrhosis | Chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells |
| Colonic polyposis | Condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon. |
| Diverticulosis | Abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs (diverticula) in the wall of the intestine (often the colon) |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation and infection with the diverticula |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Condition in which contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver |
| Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | Inflammation of the terminal (last) portion of the ileum (Crohn disease) or inflammation of the colon (ulcerative colitis) |
| Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. Although IBS causes distressing symptoms, it doesn’t permanently harm the intestine. |
| Hapatocellular carcinoma | Cancer (primary) of the liver |
| Jaundice | Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream (hyperbilirubinemia) |
| Adren/o | Adrenal gland |
| Adrenal/o | Adrenal gland |
| Hypophys/o | Pituitary gland |
| Oophor/o | Ovary |
| Ovari/o | Ovary |
| Orch/o | Testis |
| Orchi/o | Testis |
| Orchid/o | Testis |
| Pancreat/o | Pancreas |
| Parathyroid/o | Parathyroid gland |
| Pituitar/o | Pituitary gland |
| Thym/o | Thymus gland |
| Thyroaden/o | Thyroid gland |
| Thyroid/o | Thyroid gland |
| Acromegaly | Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty |
| Cushing syndrome | A group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. These signs and symptoms include obesity, moonlike facies (fullness of the face), hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis. |
| Diabetes mellitus | Disorder of pancreas that causes inc in bld gluc levels Type 1: onset usually in childhood, involves complete deficiency of insulin in body Type 2: onset usually in adulthood, involves some insulin deficiency&resistance of tissues to action of i |
| Goiter | Enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| Hyperthyroidism | Overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves disease or exopthalmic (eyeballs bulge outward) goiter |
| Cardioversion | Brief discharges of electricity passing across the chest to stop a cardiac arrhythmia. Also called defibrillation |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) | Vessels taken from the patient’s legs or chest are connected to coronary arteries to make detours around blockages |
| Endarterectomy | Surgical removal of the innermost lining of an artery to remove fatty deposits and clots |
| Heart transplantation | A donor heart is transferred to a recipient |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) | A balloon-tipped catheter (a flexible, tubular instrument) is threaded into a coronary artery to compress fatty deposits and the recurrence of blockages less likely. Also called balloon angioplasty |
| Thrombolytic therapy | Drugs such as tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) and streptokinase are injected into a patient’s bloodstream to dissolve clots that may cause a heart attack |
| Aortic stenosis | Narrowing of the largest artery |
| Anastomosis | Surgical creation of an opening between 2 gastrointestinal organs E.g. gastrojejunostomy, cholecystojejunostomy, choledochoduodenostomy |
| Colostomy | Surgical creation of a new opening of the colon to the outside of the body |
| Ileostomy | Surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body |
| Laparoscopic surgery | Removal of organs or tissues via a laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen through a small incision) E.g. laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy. It is a form of minimally invasive surgery |
| Chemotherapy | Treatment with powerful drugs to kill cancer cells (Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma) and viruses such as the HIV |
| Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) | Treatment with high-dose to destroy malignant lesions in the body |
| Endotracheal intubation | A tube is placed through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway during surgery and for placement on a respirator (a machine that moves air into and out of the lungs) |
| Thoracentesis | A needle is inserted through the skin between the ribs and into the pleural space to drain a pleural effusion |
| Thoracotomy | Incision of the chest to remove a lung (pneumonectomy) or a portion of a lung (lobectomy) |
| Tracheostomy | Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and the insertion of a tube to create an airway |
| Cyst/o | Urinary bladder |
| Vesic/o | Urinary bladder |
| Nephr/o | Kidney |
| Ren/o | Kidney |
| Pyel/o | Renal pelvis |
| Ureter/o | Ureter |
| Urethr/o | Urethra |
| Albuminuria | Abnormal condition of protein (albumin) in the urine |
| Anuria | Abnormal condition of no urine production |
| Dysuria | Painful urination |
| Glycosuria | Abnormal condition of glucose in the urine |
| Hematuria | Abnormal condition of blood in the urine |
| Nephrolithiasis | Abnormal condition of stones in the kidney |
| Renal failure | Condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and don’t produce urine |
| Uremia | Condition of high levels of urea (nitrogenous waste material) in the blood |
| Dialysis | Waste materials (urea, creatinine, uric acid) are separated from the blood by a machine (hemodialysis). |
| Peritoneal dialysis | Alternative to dialysis, a peritoneal catheter delivers a special fluid into the abdominal cavity, and then the fluid, which now contains waste materials that have seeped from the blood into it, is drained |
| Lithotripsy | Shock waves are beamed into a patient to crush urinary tract stones. The stone fragments then pass out of the body with urine. Also called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) |
| Renal transplantation | A donor kidney is transferred to a recipient |
| Urinary catheterization | A catheter is passed through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for short-term or long-term drainage of urine |
Created by:
Salma O
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