Question | Answer |
carbon dioxide | capn/o |
functions of the respiratory system | filtering, warming, humidifying air |
functions of the respiratory system | regulation of blood pH |
functions of the respiratory system | role in sound, speech, and olfaction (sense of smell). |
spir/o | respiration |
inspiration | inhalation |
oxygen | ox/o, ox/i |
expiration | exhalation |
inspiration | exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood |
expiration/exhalation | process of exchanging O2 and CO2 between the external and the lungs |
pulmonologist | respiratory specialist |
upper respiratory tract pathway | nose, pharynx, larynx |
nas/o, rhin/o | nose |
pharyng/o | pharynx, throat |
laryng/o | larynx, voicebox |
lower respiratory tract pathway | trachea, bronchial tree, lungs |
trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchial tree |
pulmon/o, pneum/o, pneumon/o | lungs |
laryng/o is a combing form for the | voicebox |
a combing form for a structure in the lower respiratory system is | trache/o |
nose is... | 2 nares(where air enters), nasal septum(divides the nares), cilia(nose hairs), nasal cavity |
what is the paranasal sinuses | frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid cavities(these get there name from the bone in which they are located) |
sin/o, sinus/o | paranasal sinuses (nasal cavity is connected to this) |
plural of sinus | sinuses |
salaping/o 2 meanings | eustachian tubes, fallopian tubes |
brachi/o | arm not bronchial tubes |
in the pharynx | nasopahrynx, eustachian tubes, pharyngeal tonsils/adenoids, orophrynx, palatine tonsils, laryngopharynx |
nasopharynx | a part of the throat behind the nasal cavity |
eustachian tubes (salping/0) | tube that connects the ears to the throat |
pharyngeal tonsils/adenoids (adenoid/o) | protect against pathogens |
oropharynx | part of the throat posterior to the oral cavity |
palatine tonsils (tonsill/o/) | lymphatic tissue, named because they are continous witht the roof of the mouth |
laryngopharynx | named because it's proximty to the larynx |
what makes up the larynx (laryng/o) voicebox | epiglottis |
epiglottis (epiglott/o) | flap of cartliage at the opening of the larynx that closes access to the trachea during swallowing |
vocal cords | vibrate to produce speech |
mediastinum mediastin/o | space between lungs |
carina | trachea bifurcates (branches) |
bronchi bronch/o, bronchi/o | right and left |
bronchioles bronchio/o | smaller branches of bronchi |
alveoli | air sacs |
lungs | divided into lobes lob/o |
pleura pleur/o | each lung is enclosed in this double-folded serous membrane |
diaphragm and intercostal muscles | muscles reponsible for normal respiration |
phren/o, diaphragm/o, diaphragmat/o | diaphragm |
combining form for pharyngeal tonsils | adenoid/o |
combing for for the double-folded serous membrane surrounding the lungs | pleur/o |
aphonia | loss of ablity to make sounds |
cheyne-stokes respiration | deep, rapid breathing followed by a period of apnea |
clubbing | abnormal enlargement of the distal phalnges as a result of diminished oxygen in the blood |
cyanosis | lack of oxygen in blood seen as bluish or grayish dicoloration of skin, nailbeds and or lips |
cyan | blue |
epistaxis | nosebleeds |
phon/e | sound |
pytsis | spitting |
capn/o | carbon dioxide |
hyper | excessive |
hypo | deficient |
hemoptysis | coughing up blood |
hypercapnia | excessive carbon dioxide in the blood |
hyperventilation | abnormally increased breathing |
hypoxemia | deficient oxygen in the blood |
hypoxia | deficient oxygen in the tissue |
pleurodynia | pain in the chest caused by inflammation of the intercoastal muscles |
pyrexia | fever |
rhinorrhea | runny nose, disharge from nose |
shortness of breath SOB | breathlessness, air hunger |
sputum | mucous coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through the mouth |
thoracodynia | chest pain |
dyspnea | difficult and/or painful breathing |
eupnea | is god, normal breathing |
apnea | abnormal periodic cessation of breathing |
bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing |
hyperpnea | excessively deep breathing |
typopnea | extremely shallow breathing |
orthopnea | difficult breathing unless in an upright position |
tachypnea | rapid, shallow breathing |
pnea | breathing |
orth/o | straight |
hiccup/hiccough/singulutus | sound produced by the involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, followed by rapid closure of the glottis |
stridor | high-pitched inspiration sound from the larynx |
wheezing | whistling sound made during breathing |
another name for nose bleed | epistaxis |
coryza | common cold |
croup | acute viral infection or early childhood, marked by stridor caused by spasms of the larynx, trachea and bronchi |
epiglottitis | inflammation of the voicebox |
ABG | arterial blood gas |
AP | anteroposterior |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
CXR | chest X-Ray |
O2 | oxygen |
SOB | shortness of breath |
TB | tuberculosis |
OSA | obstructive sleep apnea |
URI | upper respiratory infection |
ARF | acute respiratory failure |
CF | cystic fibrosis |
A | auscultation & percussion |
QFT | quantiferon tb gold test |
PPB | postive pressure breathing |
PFT | pulmonary function test |
FEV | forced expiratory volume |
CT | computed tomography |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
CPAP | continous positive ariway passage |
obstructive sleep apnea OSA | temporary lack of breathing that occurs during sleep |
polyps of the nasal and vocal cord | small tumor like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface |
rhinitis | inflammation of the mucus membrane of the nose |
rhinosalpinitis | inflammation of the mucus membranes of the nose & eustachian tube |
sinusitis | inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinus |
tracheomalacia | softening of the tissues of the trachea |
tracheostenosis | narrowing of the windpipe |
upper respiratory infection URI | inflammation of the upper respiratory tract |
an acute viral infection of early childhood marked by stridor caused by spasms of the larynx, trachea, bronchi | croup |
small turmor like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface | polyps |
asthma | respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of sudden episodic dyspnea |
bronchospasm | a sudden involuntary contraction of bronchi, as in an asthma attack |
bronchietctasis | chronic dilation of the bronchi |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD | respiratory disorder characterized by a progressive and irreversible diminishment in spiratory and expiratory capacity of lungs |
emphysema | abnormal condition of the pulmonary system characterized by distension and destructive changes of the alveoli |
acute respiratory failure ARF | a sudden inability of the respiratory system to provide oxygen and or remove carbon dioxide from the blood |
cystic fibrosis CF | inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in abnormal thick secretions of mucus that cause COPD |
atelectasis | collapse of lung or an entire lung |
fail chest | a condition in which multiple rib fractures cause instability in part of the chest in which the lung under the injured area contracts on inspiration and bulges out on expiration |
hemothorax | blood in the pleural space |
pneumothorax | air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse |
pyothorax | pus in the pleural cavity aka empyema |
empyema | pyothorax |
pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural space |
pleurisy | inflammation of the parietal pleura of the lungs |
pneumonia | inflammation of the lungs caused by a variety of pathogens |
pulmonary abscess | localized accumulation of pus on the lungs |
pulmonary edema | accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue |
tuberculosis TB | chronic infectious disorder caused by an acid-fast bacillus |
double pneumonia | affected in both lungs |
pus in the pleural cavity | empyema |
pus in the pleural cavity | pyothorax |
ascultation | listening |
an instrument commonly used to listen to sounds within the body, especially the chest | stethoscope |
bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchial tubes |
laryngoscopy | endoscopic procedure used to visualize the interior of the larynx |
mediastinoscopy | visual examination of space between lungs |
thoracoscopy | visual exam of the chest cavity |
spiromerty | spirometer |
peak flow meter | instrument used in a pulmonary function test PFT to measure breathing capacity |
tom/o | slice |
lung perfusion scan | nuclear medicine test that produces an image of blood flow to the lungs used to detect pulmonary embolism |
lung ventilation scan | test using radiopharmaceuticals to produce a picture of how air is distributed in the lungs measure the ability of the lungs to take in air |
arterial blood gases ABG | blod test that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood |
pulse oximetry | test to measure oxygen in arterial blood in which a noninvasive cliplike device is attached to either the earlobe of the fingertip |
mantoux skin test | used to detect presence of tuberculosis antibodies |
endoscopic procedure used to view the interior of the larynx | laryngoscopy |
used to view the structures contained within the space between the lungs | medianstinscopy |
ventilator breathing assistance | PPB positive pressure breathing, CPAP continous positive airway pressure |
delivery devices breathing assistance | nasal canula, facemask/venturi, rebreathing mask |
adenoidectomy | excision of the pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids |
laryngectomy | excision of the voice box |
tonsillectomy | excision of the palatine tonsils |
lobectomy | removal of entire lobe of lung |
pneumonectomy | removal of entire lung |
pulmonary resection | excision of a portion or a lobe of the lung or the entire lung |
bronchoplasty | surgical repair of a bronchial defect |
rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose for healthcare or cosmetic reasons |
septoplasty | surgical repair of the wall between the nares |
endotracheal intubation | passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to ensure a patent (open) airway |
thoracentesis/pleurocentesis | aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity |
thoractomy | incision of the chest |
sinusotomy | incision of a sinus |
tracheotomy | incision made into the trachea below the larynx to gain access to the airway |
tracheaostomy | opening through the neck into the trachea through which an indwelling tube may be inserted temporarily or permanently |
or/o | mouth |