Question | Answer |
Einthovern's triangle | bipolar leads: Lead I- Lead II- Lead III |
Lead I | right arm negative, left arm positive |
Lead II | right arm negative, left leg positive |
Lead III | left arm negative, left leg positive |
Augmented leads | univocal leads, zero voltage in the center of the heart. EKG machine uses a midpoint between the two other limbs as the negative reference point. Lead AVR, Lead AVL, Lead AVF |
Lead AVR | RIGHT ARM POSITIVE,left arm and leg negative |
Lead AVL | LEFT ARM POSITIVE, right arm and left leg negative. |
Lead AVF | LEFT LEG POSITIVE, right arm and left arm negative. |
Precordial leads | chest leads, unipolar lead. V1, V2, V4, V3, V6, V5 |
V1 | fourth intercostal space, right of the sternum. |
V2 | fourth intercostal space, left of the sternum |
V4 | fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line |
V3 | fifth intercostal space, between V2-V4 |
V6 | fifth intercostal space, midaxillary line |
V5 | fifth intercostal, space between V4-V6 |
EKG grid vertical | measures voltage, each small box equals 1mm |
EKG grid horizontal | measures time, each small box equals .04 seconds |
EKG running speed | is 25mm/sec. the standardization is 1m/v or a deflection of 10mm high at the beginning of each row on the EKG |
waveform | movement away from the isoelectric line either positive or negative. |
segment | line between two waveforms |
interval | waveform plus segment |
complex | several waveforms |
P wave | atrial depolarization normal .12-.20 |
PR segment | between Pwave and QRS complex. shows the delay at the AV node. |
PR interval | Pwave + PR segment. begins at the beginning of Pwave and ends at the beginning of the QRS complex. |
TA wave | atrial depolarization. NOT SEEN on EKG |
QRS complex | ventricaular depolarization normal .04-.11 |
R wave | first positive waveform |
Q wave | negative waveform before Rwave |
S wave | negative waveform after the Rwave |
ST segment | form J point (end of QRS) to the beginning of the Twave |
T wave | ventricular repolarization |
U wave | depolarization of the purkinje fibers.
seen in hypokalemia |
R-R interval | determines regularity and heart rate the interval between two R waves. |
heart rate 6 second rule | the number of QRS complexes in 6 sec X 10. done for an irregular rhythm |
heart rate sequence method | 300-150-100-75-60-50-43 rule. used for regular rhythms |
systolic | first beat high |
diastolic | last beat low |
target heart rate | 220 - age= top number 100%-25=heart rate 85%-25 if evercizing = heart rate 75% |
bigminal | every other beat is a PVC |
trigeminal | every third beat is a PVC |
couplet | 2 PVC in a row |
triplet | 3 PVC in a row |
4 or greater | run of ventricular tachycardia |
unifocal | all look a like |
multifocal | look different |