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EKG REVIEW leads
EKG leads & waveforms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Einthovern's triangle | bipolar leads: Lead I- Lead II- Lead III |
| Lead I | right arm negative, left arm positive |
| Lead II | right arm negative, left leg positive |
| Lead III | left arm negative, left leg positive |
| Augmented leads | univocal leads, zero voltage in the center of the heart. EKG machine uses a midpoint between the two other limbs as the negative reference point. Lead AVR, Lead AVL, Lead AVF |
| Lead AVR | RIGHT ARM POSITIVE,left arm and leg negative |
| Lead AVL | LEFT ARM POSITIVE, right arm and left leg negative. |
| Lead AVF | LEFT LEG POSITIVE, right arm and left arm negative. |
| Precordial leads | chest leads, unipolar lead. V1, V2, V4, V3, V6, V5 |
| V1 | fourth intercostal space, right of the sternum. |
| V2 | fourth intercostal space, left of the sternum |
| V4 | fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line |
| V3 | fifth intercostal space, between V2-V4 |
| V6 | fifth intercostal space, midaxillary line |
| V5 | fifth intercostal, space between V4-V6 |
| EKG grid vertical | measures voltage, each small box equals 1mm |
| EKG grid horizontal | measures time, each small box equals .04 seconds |
| EKG running speed | is 25mm/sec. the standardization is 1m/v or a deflection of 10mm high at the beginning of each row on the EKG |
| waveform | movement away from the isoelectric line either positive or negative. |
| segment | line between two waveforms |
| interval | waveform plus segment |
| complex | several waveforms |
| P wave | atrial depolarization normal .12-.20 |
| PR segment | between Pwave and QRS complex. shows the delay at the AV node. |
| PR interval | Pwave + PR segment. begins at the beginning of Pwave and ends at the beginning of the QRS complex. |
| TA wave | atrial depolarization. NOT SEEN on EKG |
| QRS complex | ventricaular depolarization normal .04-.11 |
| R wave | first positive waveform |
| Q wave | negative waveform before Rwave |
| S wave | negative waveform after the Rwave |
| ST segment | form J point (end of QRS) to the beginning of the Twave |
| T wave | ventricular repolarization |
| U wave | depolarization of the purkinje fibers. seen in hypokalemia |
| R-R interval | determines regularity and heart rate the interval between two R waves. |
| heart rate 6 second rule | the number of QRS complexes in 6 sec X 10. done for an irregular rhythm |
| heart rate sequence method | 300-150-100-75-60-50-43 rule. used for regular rhythms |
| systolic | first beat high |
| diastolic | last beat low |
| target heart rate | 220 - age= top number 100%-25=heart rate 85%-25 if evercizing = heart rate 75% |
| bigminal | every other beat is a PVC |
| trigeminal | every third beat is a PVC |
| couplet | 2 PVC in a row |
| triplet | 3 PVC in a row |
| 4 or greater | run of ventricular tachycardia |
| unifocal | all look a like |
| multifocal | look different |
Created by:
joanneb
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