Question | Answer |
agent that produces vomiting | emetic |
agent which reduces itching | antipruritic |
breakdown of the lens of the eye | phacolysis |
dry skin | xeroderma |
dull vison | amblyopia |
ENT Specialist | otorhinolaryngologist (ear, nose, throat) |
inflammation of the cornea | keratitis |
middle layer of the skin | dermis |
nearsightedness | myopia |
ringing in the ears | tinnitus |
tiny depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision | fovea centralis |
aden/o | gland |
alges/o | sensitivity to pain |
ambly/o | dim/dull |
andr/o | male |
aque/o | water |
blephar/o | eyelid |
cor/o | pupil |
cortic/o | cortex, outer region |
cutane/o | skin |
dacry/o | tears, tear duct |
glauc/o | grey |
hidr/o | sweat |
kal/i | potassium |
kerat/o | cornea |
melan/o | black |
myring/o | tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
ocul/o | eye |
natr/o | sodium |
opthalm/o | eye |
optic/o | eye, vison |
ot/o | ear |
palpebr/o | eyelid |
pil/o | hair, hair follice |
presby/o | old age |
salping/o | eustachian tube |
somat/o | body |
uve/o | uvea, vascualr layer of the eye/iris, ciliary body, choroid |
xer/o | dry |
-cusis | hearing |
-dynia | pain |
-gram | record |
-graph | instrument for recording |
-graphy | process of recording |
-scopy | visual examination |
ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone. secreted by anterior pituitary gland |
AD, AS, AU | pertaining to the ear. AD: right ear AS: left ear AU: both ears |
AP view | anteroposterior. anterior placed source (machine) posterior detector (xray film) |
C5-C6/L5-S1 | slipped disk |
DPT | diptheria-pertussis-tetanus. Vaccine. |
FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar |
FDA | US Food and Drug Administration |
GTT | glucose tolerance test-detects diabetes mellitus |
IM | intramuscular-large volume of solution needs to be administered, having skin irritation |
IVP | intravenous pyelogram-xray of renal pelvis and urinary tract after injection of dye into vein |
NPO | Nothing by mouth |
OD, OS, OU | pertaining to the eye OD: Right eye OS: Left eye OU: Both eyes |
PA | posteroanterior. Posterior source (machine) anterior detector (film) |
PERRLA | pupils equal, round, reactive to light, and accomodation |
tid | take medicine 3 times daily |
TNM | tumor-node-metastasis (cancer staging) T-IS: localized tumor (radio curable) M-0: No metastasis |
a-, an- | no, not, without |
anti- | against |
ex-, exo- | out, away from |
accomodation | adjustment of lenz by ciliary body |
achondroplasia | disorder of the growth of cartilage in the epiphyses of the long bones and skull (premature ossification) |
acromegaly | enlargement of the extremeties |
acuity | the clearness or sharpness of perception |
albino | person with absence of pigmentation and red eyes |
alopecia | absence of hair from areas where it normally grows. Side effect of chemo or radiation. |
analgesics | drugs used to relieve pain, induce sleep and suppress cough. ex: Morphine |
anesthetic | drug that produces loss of sensation throughout body |
anhidrosis | absence of sweating |
anticoagulant | prevents blood clotting |
antihistamines | drugs that block release of a substance that causes allergic reactions |
antipyretic | a drug that reduces or works against fever |
arthrogram | x ray of a joint |
astigmatism | defective curvature of the cornea or lens |
barium enema | metallic powder introduced to large intestines, xray then taken (rectally-lower GI) |
benign tumor | noncancerous growth (neoplasm) |
callus | increase growth of cells in the keratin layer of epidermis caused by pressure or friction |
cataract | clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision |
cerumen | waxy substance secreted by external ear (Earwax) |
chalazion | small hard mass on eyelid; formed from sebaceous gland enlargement |
cochlea | snail shaped spirally wound tube in inner ear |
Colles fracture | occurs near wrist joing at distal end of radius |
comedones | acne-sebum plug partially blocking pore |
cones | photosensitive receptor cells of retina make perception of color (cones-color) |
conjunctiva | delicate membrane lining eyelids and covering anterior eyeball |
conjunctivitis | pink eye-inflammation of concjuntiva |
contraindication | prohibits the administration of a drug or a procedure in the care of a patient |
cornea | fibrous layer of clear tissure extends over anterior portion of eye and continues with white of eye |
cortisol | steroid hormone produced by adrenal gland |
cranium | frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, ethmoid, sphenoid |
cryosurgery | use of subfreezing temperature via liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissure |
Cushing Syndrome | a group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from adrenal cortex |
cyst | thick-walled, closed sac/pouch containing fluid or semisolid material |
diabetes insipidus | insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone |
diabetes mellitus | lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin leading to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis |
diplopia | double vision (ambiopia) |
dysplastic nevi | mole with irregular/abnormal development (malignant melanoma) |
eczema | inflammatory skin disease with lesions |
electrocauterization | using needle heated by electrical current to kill tissue |
electrolyte | an element that dissociates into ions and can conduct electric current |
en bloc resection | resection of a large bulky tumor without dissection. ex) radical masectomy |
epidermis | outermost layer of skin |
erythema | redness of skin, side effect of radiation |
esotropia | cross eyed |
exotropia | wall-eyed (eye turned outward) |
estrogen | maintains menstrual cycle, release of ovum, secondary sex characteristics, preperation of uterus for pregnancy |
eustacian tube | channel between the middle ear and nasopharynx |
exanthematous | and eruptive disease or the skin rash that accompanies it (measles) |
gangrene | death of tissure associated with loss of blood supply |
glaucoma | increase in intraocular pressure, results in damage to retina and optic nerve with loss of vision |
gigantism | hypersecretion of GH from anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal growth of body tissure |
greenstick fracture | fracture bone only partially broken and partially bent on opposite side (seen mostly in children |
hordeolum | localized, inflammatory infection of sebaceous gland in eyelid (stye) |
hyperopia | farsightedness |
hyperthyroidism | overactivity of thyroid gland, increase in body temp, hyperactivity, weight loss, exopthalmos, goiter ex) graves disease |
hypnotic | class of drugs used as sedatives |
iatrogenic | condition caused by treatment given by physicians or medical personel |
integmentary system | the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails |
invasive cancer | having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue |
iris | colored layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into eye |
keloid | enlarged,thickened scar |
leukoplakia | white patches on mucous membrane on tongue or cheek |
linear accelerators | used in treatment of tumors with radiation |
liver scan | detects cirrhosis die to abcess or tumor |
macula | a stain, spot, or thickening |
macula lutea | yellowish region on retina below optic disc; contains fovea centralis |
macular degeneration | progressive degeneration to macula of retina (loss of central vison) |
medication administration | preparing, giving and evaluating the effectiveness of drugs |
meniere disease | disorder of labyrinth of inner ear. Elevated pressure within cochlea and semicircular canals |
metastasis | spread of malignant tumors to a distant location |
Mohs Surgery | layers of growth removal and examined microscopically |
mutation | inheritable change in a cell |
myxedema | advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood |
nevus, nevi | pigmented lesion of the skin |
oblique view | slanting direction |
oncogenes | genetic material that causes cancer |
optic chiasma | place where optic nerve fibers cross in the brain |
ossicles | small bones of the ear: malleus, incus, stapes |
papule | small, solid elevation of the skin |
paronychia | inflammation of soft tissue |
pedunculated | possessing a stem or stalk, characteristic of some polypoid tumors |
perfusion | radiopharmaceutical injection IV and traced within the vessels |
petechiae | small, pinpoint hemorrhage |
pilonidal cyst | cyst that develops in sacral region of skin |
polypoid | growths that are like projections extending outward from a base (sessile and peduncyated) |
presbyopia | impairment of vision due to old age |
pruritus | itching |
psoriasis | chronic dermatosis with silvery gray scales covering red patches of skin |
purpura | small hemorrhage in the skin |
pustule | small abscess |
radiation oncologist | specialized diagnosis techniques such as ultrasound, MRI and CT Scan |
radiocurable cancer | tumor that is destroyed by radiation therapy |
radiology | medical specialty concerned with study of xray and use of diagnosis of disease |
radioresistant tumor | tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death of cells |
receptors | target substance with which a drug interacts in the body |
Rods | photoreceptor cell of retina essential for vision in dim light and peripheral vision |
Roentgenology | (radiology) studies characteristics and uses radioactive substances in diagnosing disease |
rubella | german measles |
rubeola | measles |
scirrhous | densely packed tumor cells |
sclera | tough, white outer coat of eyeball |
sebum | oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands |
sedative | drug that relazed without necessarily producing sleep |
sessile | having to stem, characteristic of some polypoid tumors |
Spleen scan | detects splenomegaly due to abcess or tumor |
stimulant | amphetamine and caffiene |
subcutaneous | located just beneath the skin |
synergism | having a greater treatment by combining two drugs instead of individual drugs |
tetany | constant muscle contraction |
thoracentesis | procedure that removes fluid/air from chest |
thyrotoxicosis | toxic condition resulting from excessive amounts of thyroid hormones in the body |
thyroxine | hormone produced by thyroid gland, increases metabolish, regulates growth |
tinea | infection of skin caused by a fungus; ringworm |
tonometry | glaucoma is primarily diagnosed by this |
topical drug | applied on skin |
toxicology | finding proper antidotes to the harmful effect of drugs |
tumor staging | assessing the extent that a tumor has spread |
varicella | chickenpox |
verruca | wart |
vertigo | sensation of irregular/whirling mothion either of oneself or of external objects |
vitiligo | loss of pigment in areas of skin |
wheal | hive/mosquito bite, smooth, swollen red papule |
zygomatic bone | cheek bone-made up of frontal, maxilla, zygomatic process and spenoid bone |